БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра английского языка естественных факультетов

ZOOLOGY

Educational Texts

Зоология

Учебные тексты

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов I курса

биологического факультета

МИНСК

2008

УДК

ББК

Б

А в т о р ы – с о с т а в и т е л и:

Богомолова т.А., Карлович т.И., Кипра л.И., Рязанова а.З., Шиманская л.В.

Р е ц е н з е н т ы :

кандидат филологических наук, доцент Хоменко С.А.

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Смирнова Н.М.

Утверждено

на заседании кафедры английского языка

естественных факультетов

29 Мая 2008г., протокол № 10

Zoology. Учеб.-метод. пособие./ Сост.: Богомолова Т.А., Карлович Т.И., Кипра Л.И., Рязанова А.З., Шиманская Л.В.Мн.: БГУ, 2008.- 70с.

Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для самостоятельной работы студентов I курса биологического факультета и направлено на формирование навыков чтения и перевода специальной литературы по зоологии, а также на развитие у студентов навыков устной речи и письма.

УДК

ББК

@ БГУ, 2008

Contents

Text 1. Zoology – a study of animal life. ......................……………………. 4

Text 2. Protozoa (first animals). ……………................……………………. 7

Text 3. Paramecium. …………………………................…………………... 9

Text 4. Common amoeba. ……………………...................………………. 13

Text 5. Malaria parasite. ……………………….................………………... 17

Text 6. Porifera. ……………………………….................………………… 19

Text 7. Coelenterata. ………………………….................…………………. 21

Text 8. Hydra – a carnivorous, multicellular, fresh-water animal.................. 23

Text 9. Marine coelenterates. …………………………………................… 27

Text 10. Worms. ……………………………………………................…… 30

Text 11. Annelida. …………………………………………................……. 33

Text 12. The structure of earthworm. ………………………................…… 36

Text 13. Mollusca. …………………………………………...................…. 40

Text 14. Molluscs and the damage they do to the agriculture. …................. 43

Text 15. Arthropoda. …………………………………………..............….. 46

Text 16. May-beetle. …………………………………………...............….. 48

Text 17. Internal anatomy. …………………………………...............……. 50

Text 18. Pest control. ………………………………………...............……. 53

Text 19. Insects which transmit disease. ……………………..............…… 55

Text 20. Honey-bee. …………………………………………...............…... 58

Text 21. Class crustacea. Fresh-water crayfish. ……………...............……. 62

Text 22. Animals included in the class arachnida. …………...............……. 65

Учебное издание

ZOOLOGY

Educational Texts

Зоология

Учебные тексты

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов I курса биологического факультета

Авторы-составители:

Богомолова Татьяна Анатольевна

Карлович Тамара Ивановна

Кипра Людмила Ирсифрвна

Рязанова Альфия Зиннуровна.

Шиманская Людмила Валентиновна

На английском языке

В авторской редакции

Ответственный за выпуск Т.И. Карлович

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Отпечатано в Издательском центре БГУ.

220030, Минск, ул. Красноармейская, 6. Text 1 zoology - a study of animal life

The Animal Kingdom

Animals are found all over the world: from the cold Arctic countries to the hot tropical areas, on the mountain peaks and in the depths of the sea.

Everyone knows the domestic animals and has heard about bears and wolves, and has seen birds, lizards and frogs; everyone has eaten fish. Insects, worms and snails are also, animals. Some animals, like bacteria and one-celled algae, can be seen only under a microscope.

The animal kingdom is more varied than that of plants. There are some 500.000 different species of plants and 1.500.000 different species of animals, i.e., three times as many.

Animals live in very different kind of places, or, as we say, have different "natural homes" (habitats). Fish live it water polar bears prefer the shores of the Arctic Ocean and its ice-floes, while brown bears like forests. Earthworms live in the soil and burrow their way to the surface only after rain.

Some, animals are parasites that live in the bodies of other animals, for instance, the intestinal worms.

Excavations have revealed solid remains of animals which earlier inhabited our planet but are now extinct. On many occasions the finds consisted of mammoth bones and teeth. Mammoths were like elephants but were covered with thick fur because they lived in areas where the climate was very cold.

The fossils prove that the animal kingdom has not remained unchanged but has been in a process of steady and continuous development. Arising from primitive organisms, animals have evolved into a bewildering variety of forms of ever increasing complexity of structure. When these animals are carefully studied and compared, one can see that many of them resemble man in various ways, notably in the presence of a row of bones along the middle of the back. The animals having internal bones including a backbone or vertebral column are known as vertebrates and comprise all the fish, the frogs, the lizards, snakes, turtles and crocodiles, every kind of bird and all the hairy animals, known as mammals, such as elephants, lions, dogs and mice. Actually these more or less familiar animals comprise only about 5 per sent of the animals kingdom.

The remaining 95 per sent consists of animals without backbones, called invertebrates.

Animals and Plants

Animals and plants are similar in many ways: they need food for their nutrition; they breathe; they grow and reproduce. Their bodies consist of celis.

But at the same time, they are different primarily with regard to their food requirements. Green plants grow by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air, and water and mineral salts from the soil. They use these inorganic materials to make up organic substances (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) in the presence of sunlight. Animals cannot live on such a diet. They need plants or other animals - they got their food from ready-made organic matter.

Other distinctive features of animals are their organs of movement their nervous system and sense organs, all of which plants lack.

The above-mentioned distinctive features are not always present. There are plants which feed on organic matter (for instance, the fungi) and some which are able to swim about (for example, a number of algae). On the other hand, some animals are immobile.

The two groups of living organisms, animals and plants, form the organic world. They are closely connected. Plants take in inorganic materials and build organic ones, which animals use as food. Animals, for their part, discharge carbon dioxide which is absorbed by plants as part of their nutrition.