1.1. Expressive means (em) and stylistic devices (sd)

In fact all language means contain meaning—some of them contain generally acknowledged grammatical and lexical meanings, others contain specific meanings which may be called stylistic. Such meanings go alongside primary meanings and, as it were, are superim­posed on them.

Stylistic meanings are de-automatized. As is known, the process of automatization, i.e. a speedy and subconscious use of lan­guage data, is one of the indispensable ways of making communication easy and quickly decodable.

Expressiveness is a kind of intensification of an utterance depending on the position in the utterance of the means that manifest this category and what these means are.

Emotiveness is what reveal the emotions of the writer or the speaker. But that elements are not direct manifestations of the emotions- they are the echoes of the real emotions. They are designed to awaken co-experience in the mind of the reader.

The expressive means of the language(3) are those phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms which exist in language – as - a system for the purpose of logical and\ or emotional intensification of the utterance.

A stylistic device(4) is a conscious and intentional intensification of some typical structural and \ or semantic property of the language unit promoted to a generalized status and thus becoming a generative model.

1.2. Functional styles of the language

A functional style of the language is a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication.

There are five functional styles ( registers).

1) the language of belles-letters;

2) the language of publicistic literature;

3) the language of newspapers;

4) the language of scientific prose;

5) the language of official documents;

The belles- letters FS has the following substyles: 1) the language style of poetry; 2) the language style of emotive prose; 3) the language style of drama;

The publicistic FS has three substyles: 1) the language style of oratory; 2) the language style of essays;3) the language style of feature articles in newspapers and journals.

The newspaper FS has the following substyles: 1) the language style of brief items and communiqués; 2) the language style of newspaper headings 3) the language style of notices and advertisement;

The scientific prose FS has the following substyles: 1) the language style of humanitarian sciences; 2) the language style of “exact” sciences; 3) the language style of popular scientific prose.

The official documents FS has the following substyles: 1) the language style of diplomatic documents: 2) the language style of business documents; 3) the language style of legal documents; 4) the language style of military documents.