2.9. Children under the influence of the media

You will hear Eddie, Leslie and Ralph discussing positive and negative effects of various forms of the media.

Eddie is 15 years old. He is interested in sports, music and travelling. Leslie is 24 years old. She is currently studying to become a teacher. Ralph is 40 years old. He is a plumber and electrician.

Task 1. Listen to the interview. Complete the gaps with a word or a short phrase.

Eddie:

1. Eddie doesn’t play _____________ games as they contain a lot of violence.

2. Most video games _____________ your time.

3. Video _____________ are restricted in the things they do.

4. Video games don’t really make you _____________, they simply make you lose your time.

5. Video games can make a kid less _____________.

Leslie:

6. A cell phone can point to the _____________ of its owner.

7. Parents can find cell phones useful because they help to keep _____________ on kids.

Ralph:

8. You have to keep an _____________ on what your children watch.

9. For kids, TV is another _____________ .

Task 2. Discuss:

• Can you agree with the views expressed by the speakers?

• Does TV have a beneficial or rather a detrimental effect on children?

 SPEAKING

2.10. Children and television

“Children and television” is an issue about which teachers and parents are naturally very concerned.

Task 1. The two extracts by American authors given below present rather con­troversial views on the problem. Read them attentively for further discussion:

a) There have been more than 2,300 studies and reports on the effects of television on American society. Most of them show that these effects are mainly negative. Researchers have been especially concerned about children. In the past decade researchers have had children participate in numerous studies. They had children watch television intensively for three weeks. The results showed a drop in the children's creativity. The researchers concluded that television makes the children lose some of their creativity.

T eachers can't get children to pay attention for any length of time because today's children want everything to be as fast and entertaining as TV. Dr Benjamin Spock, an expert in child raising, once complained that he couldn't get his grandchildren to leave the TV set when he wanted to take them to the zoo. Some of today's children are so addicted to TV that nothing else interests them. Parents have to make them turn off the TV and go out to play or read a book. They can't get them to do these traditional childhood activities without having an argu­ment over the TV.

Although most of these studies have shown the negative effects of television, some sociologists argue that television has become a part of our lives. They do not think that parents should make their children limit the amount of TV that they watch to one or two hours a day. They believe that parents should let their children decide for themselves what and how much they want to watch.

b) Although most studies show the negative effects of televi­sion, there are also some important positive influences. There are many excellent educational programs, especially for child­ren. Some schools have children watch certain programs in the classroom. They often get them to watch worthwhile programs at home by encouraging them to discuss what they have seen the next day in class. "Sesame Street" is a program that is watched by millions of children around the world. It uses bright colors, fast timing, and humour in order to get children to pay attention. It makes children enjoy learning about the alphabet, reading, and numbers.

Television also exposes children to different people and places. A little girl who had never seen a ballet before watched a famous ballerina on TV. This program got her to decide to become a ballerina herself. TV also increases young people's understanding of other people's views of life. Many people feel that “Roots”, a program on the history of black people in the United States, is an example of this. Because viewers of this program became emotionally involved with the characters, “Roots” got some people to think more compassionately about the difficulties of black people in the United States.

Task 2. Team up with another student, work out pros and cons of children's television as they are presented in the extracts and discuss the extracts in pairs.

Task 3. Speak about the effects of television on children. Consider the following:

1. Does television have a negative or bad influence on child­ren? If you think it does, tell how. 2. What are the effects upon the vulnerable and developing human organism of spending a significant proportion of each day engaged in this particular experience (watching TV)? 3. How does the television experience affect a child's language development, for instance? 4. What good or positive influences does television have on children? 5. How does television stimulate children's curiosity? 6. How does the availability of television affect the ways parents bring up their children? 7. Are new child-rearing strategies being adopted and old ones discarded because the television set is available to parents for relief? 8. How does watching television for several hours each day affect the child's abilities to form human relationships? 9. What happens to family life as a result of family members' involvement with television?

(There may never be clear-cut and final answers to these questions.)

Task 4. Below are four different opinions on the same controversial issue "Children and Television".

1. Work in groups of 3 or 4 and assign one of the opinions to each member of the group:

   1. Primary and secondary education have improved out of all recognition since the arrival of TV in the home and this is not only because of programmes designed for schools. Through TV a child can extend his knowledge and it provides vital food for his imagination.

   2. We are dealing with a culture of TV babies. They can watch, do their homework and listen to music at the same time. What kids can't do today is follow things too long. Today's TV babies get bored and distracted easily.

   3. You can blame TV for the fact that children take longer to learn to read these days and barely see the point any more of acquiring the skill. Watching TV should be strictly confined to "treats".

   4. Tele­vision provides outlet for creative talents. The programmes done with good taste and imagination actually stimulate a child's own creativity.

2. Spend a few minutes individually thinking of further arguments you will use to back up the opinion yon have been assigned.

3. Now discuss the issue with other members of the minigroup using the arguments you have prepared. Do your best to support those who share a similar point of view and try and persuade those who don't agree with you. (For ways to ask for opinion, to give clarifications, etc., see Appendix 7.)

Task 5. Educational TV. Who is it For?

All television is educational television. The question is: what is it teaching? 

Nicholas Johnson

Step 1. Study educational programmes and decide upon the one you would speak on.

Step 2. Make a list of its strong and weak points.

Step 3. Think of some possible improvements if you were to prepare the pro­gramme.

Step 4. Participate in the discussion. (You have only five minutes to talk.) Be prepared to answer any question arising in the course of the discussion.

Task 6. Your TV company needs a TV host/hostess for a children's programme. Work in groups of three or four. One of the group is a candidate for the job, and the others are interviewing him/her. Before starting, the interviewers should prepare a list of questions and the interviewee should prepare his/her curriculum vitae. The interviewers should ask questions about the candidate's previous job; the certificates/diplomas/degrees/experience he/she has had; his/ her personal situation (married, with children); the candidate's reasons for apply­ing for the place in a children's TV programme and other questions. (Use appro­priate clichés and techniques). After about ten minutes the applicants change to another interviewing panel and so on. Each group decides on the best applicant and gives reasons for the choice.

Task 7. Talk-show. Children and TV.

Prepare and act out a talk-show discussing the influence of television on children.

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