The_Cambridge_Foucault_Lexicon

control (cont.) population, 417

power, 46, 156, 379, 433 psychiatry, 408 quarantine, 356–357 racism, 45

self, 139, 605, 669

sexuality, 101, 124, 208, 320, 352, 450–451, 452, 454

subject, 169, 496 time, 54

truth, 170 visibility, 537

critique, 87–94, 159, 197, 642–650 actuality, 10, 11

Althusser, 553 archaeology, 200 autonomy, 243 counterpractices, 391 creation, 352 Cynicism, 525 discourse, 121, 641 initude, 430 freedom, 141, 390 genealogy, 349 governmentality, 445 Habermas, 617 historical limits, 621 history, 189

ideology critique, 203, 205, 252 of modernity, 230

Nietzsche, 284 parresia, 336 philosophy, 349 power, 391, 525 present, the, 103 psychoanalysis, 408 of rationality, 617, 620

of reason, 347, 426–428 resistance, 436–437 self-, 124 self-evidence, 517 sovereignty, 462 spiritual attitude, 641 struggle, 457

subject, the, 191, 519 tragedy and, 277 truth, 436

violence, 529 Cynics, the, 188, 268

history, 198 nature, 312–313

parresia, 558 philosophy, 353–354 Plato, 671

self, 389 truth, 525, 538

death, 94–99, 116, 143, 322, 469, 557 Ancients, the, 343

of the author, 24, 25, 26 becoming other, 343 Bichat, Xavier, 257 biohistory, 43 biopolitics, 460–461 biopower, 47, 452, 543 Christian pastorate, 62 discipline, 409

disease, 564 initude, 33, 230, 341 freedom, 689 Freud, 413

of God, 91, 230, 238, 284, 429, 430, 511, 514, 646

illness, 309 interdiction, 510 knowledge of, 227

language, 239, 240, 574, 676

life, 47, 256, 260, 262, 375, 563, 565 literature, 240, 324–325

madness, 406, 415

of man, 91, 133, 284, 430, 646 medicine, 201

outside, the, 240 parresia, 558 pleasure, 362

population, 320, 372, 389 psychiatry, 405

race, 419

racism, 420, 460–461 self, 77

Shakespeare, 689–691 sovereignty, 40, 45, 83, 544

Deleuze, Gilles, 588 actual, the, 11 Clastres, Pierre, 380 control, 83–84 desire, 100

difference, 103, 105–108 event, the, 144

initude, 90 Hegel, 624 multiplicity, 305 negation, 514

Nietzsche, 663 phenomenology, 340 philosophy, 141 practice, 386

Prison Information Group (GIP), 224, 394–398

problematization, 403 subjectivity, 436, 659 Derrida, Jacques, 595–602

author, the, 25 Descartes, 603–604 différance, 105 discourse, 205 Enlightenment, the, 427 Freud, 611

madness, 273 transgression, 512, 514

Descartes, René, 474–475, 602–609 cogito, 283

knowledge, 54 Nietzsche, 665 phenomenology, 338 reason, 282

self, 185 subject, the, 190 truth, 473

desire, 99–102, 340 Christianity, 77, 669 Deleuze and Guattari, 592 discipline, 110

ethical substance, 139, 271, 507 ethics, 173

initude, 341 homosexuality, 209 knowledge, 232, 556 literature, 264

love, 270, 272 medicine, 210 pastoral power, 474

pleasure, 55, 210, 359–363 population, 372

reason, 139 self-knowledge, 79 sex, 452–453 sexual ethics, 138 sexual freedom, 160

subject, the, 210, 500 to know, 351

truth, 57, 237, 669 virtue, 271

difference, 102–110, 684 afirmation, 514

archive, 131 Deleuze, 589

dialectic, 513, 514, 682 discontinuity, 195 epistemic, 446 genealogy, 195 history, 196, 198, 229 Hyppolite, 640 Merleau-Ponty, 657 modernity, 196 multiplicity, 304, 306

ontological, 631, 636, 637 outside, the, 323 representation, 282

systems of difference, 85, 181, 237, 378, 665

thought, 403 trangression, 512

discipline, 53–55, 110–120, 232–233, 245, 285, 409, 451, 456, 462–464

abnormality, 317 anatomo-politics, 96 biopolitics, 260

biopower, 40–41, 47, 375, 459 body, 53

capitalism, 39

care of the self, 353, 557, 619 control, 83, 130

freedom, 159 governmentality, 176, 179, 181 history, 628

human sciences, 215 ideology, 552

law, 245–246, 248 military, 316 neoliberalism, 85 normalizing, 320 normation, 321 population, 320 prison, 330, 395 quarantine, 357 security, 460 sexuality, 41, 452 sovereignty, 452, 459,

504–505 space, 469, 470

strategies, 486, 487 subject, the, 84, 177 technology, 504–505 training, 85

disciplines, 37 medical, 31

discourse, 104–106, 120–126, 206, 388 Althusser, 551–552

anthropology, 645

archaeology, 17–18, 229, 519, 635–637 archive, the, 20–22, 194

author, the, 26–30 Canguilhem, 255 care of the self, 686 critique, 641 death, 98

Derrida, 205 desire, 100 episteme, 492 event, 145 government, 478

historical a priori, 203 history, 447

human sciences, 285 ideology, 521 institutions, 218 intellectuals, 591

language, 213, 236–237, 324 literature, 574

madness, 277, 406, 407, 520, 535 man, 134, 153, 665

norm, 311 order, 323

parresia, 260, 335, 525 philosophy, 513, 640 power, 351, 666

race, 422 reason, 131 revolution, 439 rupture, 220

scientiic, 191, 232, 233, 234, 274, 286, 290, 340, 524

sexuality, 100, 360, 450, 454 statements, 82, 205, 482–483, 484 structure, 491–492

subject, the, 285, 519 time, 637

truth, 290, 473, 518, 521, 523, 526, 555, 584 war, 541

dispositif (apparatus), 126–133, 389, 486 archaeology, 657

biopolitics, 37 biopower, 46, 48 discipline, 522 governmentality, 48 history, 379 ideology, 552

madness, 242 sexuality, 55 sovereignty, 53

subjectivity, 347, 435, 436, 550 truth, 351

divine law, 458, 508 double, 133–136, 341, 487

doublet, empirico-transcendental, 33, 148, 153, 214, 231, 630, 645

doublet, transcendental-empirico, 264, 265, 283, 310, 329, 341

identity, 342

language, 238, 241, 573 living, the, 258

education, 115, 157, 169, 405, 422, 578, 580 Enlightenment, the, 62, 87, 88, 89, 158, 188,

196, 197, 291, 349, 390, 427, 436, 617, 618, 626, 641, 642, 643, 648, 650

ethics, 45, 57, 136–143, 384–385, 453 ancient, 60, 100, 271, 670–671, 672 archaeology, 123

biopolitics, 85

care of the self, and, 57 critique, 89

ethical subjectivity, 56, 57, 60, 173 freedom, 158

friendship, 162–163, 271 Heidegger, 636

law, 243 life, 45, 261 nature, 312

phenomenology, 134 politics, 364, 365, 368 psychology, 404 Sartre, 685–686

self, 444–447

subjectivity, 362–363, 400–401, 449, 473

technology, 507–508 theoretical ethic, 74 truth, 525

event, 106, 143–147, 219–221, 628, 634–636 archaeology, 183

Aufklärung (enlightenment), 197, 349, 426 of Being, 637

death, 95, 257 discursive, 604 extratextual, 599 genealogy, 166, 167

history, 189, 195, 339, 388

literature, 573 multiplicity, 304 philosophy, 196 sense, 219, 657 statement, 194, 203

truth, 518–519, 523–526 experience, 147–153, 168, 278, 571, 687

-books, 525 Christian, 75, 77, 100

conditions of possible, 87, 283, 348, 630, 645, 649

constitution of, 659 of disease, 200

forms of, 642–643, 650 Hegel’s concept of, 639 knowledge, 227

of language, 325

limit-, 91–92, 149, 238–239, 621 lived-, 337–339, 341–343

of madness, 15, 406, 407, 413, 603, 604 phenomenology, 295

philosophy of, 345, 347 power, 169

primeval, 655

real conditions of, 350 relexive, 97–98 science, 583

self, 185–186 sense, 219 sexual, 207

of sexuality, 449–450 subject of, 497

of transgression, 512

inite, the, 340–341, 343 human sciences, 212 truth, 518

initude, 153–156, 230–231, 283, 340–341, 631 analytic of, 90, 92, 148, 283

death, 33, 95, 96 experience of, 90 human sciences, 214 Hyppolite, 640 Kant, 645–646 literature, 325 madness, 415 medicine, 258 transgression, 322

freedom, 156–162 actuality, 11–12 Ancient, 139

biopolitics, 49 Christian, 139 critique, 648 death, 689 Habermas, 619 history, 198

liberalism, 179–180, 253 negative, 434

power, 222, 382–385, 637 Sartre, 683–684

self, 445, 446–447 stylistics of, 362 thought, 436

transcendental critique, 648 transcendentalism, 141 truth, 644

French Revolution, 87, 130, 276, 438, 439, 440, 478, 542, 565

Freud, Sigmund, 609–616 author, the, 27–28 death, 689

Derrida, 600 desire, 100 dreams, 328, 569

madness, 277, 279, 407, 408, 409 psychoanalysis, 411–417

friendship, 162–163 love, 271, 272 pleasure, 363, 557

genealogy, 170, 173, 195–196, 220, 420

archaeology, 185, 348, 386, 399, 404 biopower, 45

body, 310 desire, 99–100 event, 144 Habermas, 618 Hegel, 628–629

knowledge, 169–173 Nietzsche, 220 ontology, 386 phenomenology, 656 politics, 365, 366 power, 388

power relations, 352 practice, 387, 390 self, 605

sexuality, 435 subject, 57, 443

GIP, 115

governmentality, 42, 47–48, 175–182, 366–368 Ancient, 555

biohistory, 32 biopolitics, 45, 481 biopower, 37, 49 civil society, 66 conduct, 68, 434

emancipatory politics, 293 friendship, 163 liberalism, 251, 253 neoliberalism, 480 pastoral power, 70 politics, 365

population, 376, 470 power, 69

state, the, 479 subjectivity, 445, 545 technology, 505–507 violence, 531

war, 540

Habermas, Jürgen, 616–624 self, the, 445

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 624–630 archaeology, 14–16

contestation, 81 critique, 87, 648 death of God, 429 difference, 106 history, 187

Hyppolite, Jean, 639–640 Nietzsche, 663 phenomenology, 339

Phenomenology of Spirit, 642 philosophy, 141, 188 Sartre, 680, 682 transgression, 512–515

Heidegger, Martin, 634–636 Binswanger, Ludwig, 567–569 contestation, 81

death, 689 language, 228 man, 148

phenomenology, 339 psychoanalysis, 412 transgression, 512 truth, 523

Henri de Boulainvilliers (1658–1722), 577–580 hermeneutics, 57, 182–187, 682

confession, 444 desire, 99 Freud, 610

Hegel, 627 language, 238 psychoanalysis, 614

hermeneutics of the self, 48, 76–78 biohistory, 32

historical a priori, 17, 21, 22, 103, 149, 200–207, 229, 349

archaeology, 348 Hegel, 626

human sciences, 350, 646 man, 284

sexuality, 416 shift, 628 truth, 518

history, 29, 187–200, 219–221, 290, 310, 518–519

actual, the, 130–131 Ancient, 139

archaeology, 14–16, 309, 596, 635 archive, 20

Bataille, 515 Being, 636–637 civil society, 66 counterconduct, 73 Derrida, 598 dialectic, 513 difference, 230, 275

discontinuity, 104, 255, 267, 438, 551

discourse, 122 event, the, 143–144 inalism, 624 genealogy, 166

Hegel, 625, 626, 627–629 intellectual, the, 225 knowledge, 341

life, 32, 42, 44, 215, 260, 374 of limits, 91, 468

of madness, 273, 277, 535 meaning, 218

of medicine, 299 nature, 313, 542 Nietzsche, 663–664

phenomenology, 205, 339–340 philosophy, 346, 354, 583, 640 politics, 365, 522

power, 244, 279, 379 practice, 390 present, the, 348 prison, the, 331

of punishment, 286 revolution, 439, 441

Same, the, 323 Sartre, 680

of science, 255, 289, 582, 583–584 of sexuality, 450, 452

state, the, 88 structures, 492–493

subject, the, 278, 285, 550 subjectivity, 134, 377, 443,

445–446 time, 167

of truth, 350, 526

history of the present, 60, 62 homosexuality, 207–212

freedom, 160 friendship, 162, 163–164 liberation, 383

life, 435 love, 272

perversion, 499 practice, 390 sexuality, 451, 669 soul, the, 52 species, 362, 667

human nature, 7, 65, 144, 158, 159, 165, 177, 349, 350, 382, 404, 405

human sciences, 212–217, 405 anthropology, 645 Canguilhem, 586 countersciences, 682 critique, 90

gaze, the, 201

historical a priori, 202, 350, 646 human nature, 308, 313 humanism, 157

knowledge, 91, 103, 237, 630 language, 183

literature, 266 madness, 416

man, 33, 34, 231, 235, 238, 259, 284, 285–286, 681

norm, the, 311 normalization, 92 postmodernity, 264 power, 351 psychoanalysis, 613 self-knowledge, 14 soul, the, 52

truth, 519

Hyppolite, Jean, 641–652 Collège de France, 346 Hegel, 188, 624–625 Kant, 642

institution, 217–224, 279 abnormality, 5, 6 archaeology, 18 biopolitics, 486 biopower, 47

care of the self, 185 control, 84

discipline, 3, 96, 112, 115, 117, 286, 462 experience, 150

freedom, 158, 159 governmentality, 175 ideology, 203 judicial, 246 knowledge, 170, 348 language, 237, 238 madness, 110 medicine, 469 normalization, 317 parresia, 686 pleasure, 164 politics, 260

power, 46, 169, 292, 379, 459, 529 psychology, 405

racism, 464 science, 607 truth, 417, 473

intellectual, the, 167, 224–226, 440–441, 591 Iranian Revolution, 70, 73, 429, 431, 442, 475,

476, 612

Kant, Immanuel, 641–652

knowledge, 226–236, 341, 518, 534, 631 abnormality, 7, 319

Ancient, 312

archaeology, 13–14, 183, 194, 202, 237, 348, 386, 402

Bataille, 514 Binswanger, 568 body, 51, 54 Canguilhem, 584–585 care, 59

categories, 107 Christianity, 76–77 correspondance, 517, 520 critique, 87

Cynicism, 353 death, 257

Descartes, 475, 605, 606 discipline, 111

discontinuity, 104, 125, 190, 220 discourse, 121, 551

dispositif (apparatus), 347

knowledge (cont.) embodied, 149 episteme, 192, 681 ethics, 124, 141 experience, 148 initude, 154–155 friendship, 163 gaze, the, 536

genealogy, 45, 165–166, 167–168, 404, 446 governmentality, 42

Hegel, 624, 627 history, 426, 570, 583

human sciences, 103, 214–216, 405, 630 Husserl, 656

intellectual, the, 440, 591 interpretation, 531

Kant, 631, 642–643, 644, 645–646, 649 language, 237–238, 685

law, 247–248, 311 liberalism, 251, 252 life, 34, 96, 256, 261 limit-experience, 149 lived experience, 337

madness, 274–275, 339, 401, 408

man, 33, 91, 133–134, 148, 212–213, 214, 259, 282, 283, 340–341

medicine, 258, 276, 278, 295, 297, 299, 302, 309, 429, 563–564

Merleau-Ponty, 659, 661 monster, 300

nature, 309–310 Nietzsche, 663 norm, 300 normalization, 318 outside, the, 108 pastoral power, 474 phenomenology, 631

philosophy, 255, 626, 672 population, 286, 373 positivism, 92

possibility of, 92, 342

power, 88, 157, 286, 291, 351, 365, 392, 498 Prison Information Group (GIP), 398 psychoanalysis, 415

rationality, 129 representation, 148, 282, 630 scientiic, 88, 89, 221

self, the, 128, 312

sexuality, 56, 208–209, 360, 451 space, 468

subject, the, 387, 473, 475, 519, 556, 613, 667 subjugated, 561, 591

transcendental subject, 90 truth, 526

language, 16–17, 25, 236–243, 492, 677–678 archaeology, 13

archive, the, 21 Blanchot, 573–575 contestation, 81–82 death, 676–677 Derrida, 597, 598 discourse, 120 dream, the, 569 event, the, 183 initude, 340

hermeneutics, 182–183 Kant, 635

knowledge, 310 life, 261 linguistics, 202 literature, 572

madness, 275, 277–278 man, 430, 683 Merleau-Ponty, 218 modern, 213, 285 Nietzsche, 665 outside, the, 322–326 painting, 329 policing, 450 population, 373 propositional, 228

psychoanalysis, 412–413 Renaissance, the, 535 Sartre, 685 schizophrenia, 108 scientiic, 96 sovereignty, 112 subjectivity, 14

transgression, 511, 512–515 unconscious, 416

visible, the, 536–537 law, 243–251

application of, 302 desire, 100 discipline, 463, 529 freedom, 158

juridico-discursive power, 44 liberalism, 252

madness, 275 medicine, 208 monster, 300–301 norm, the, 451 pastoral power, 474

pleasure, 353 politics, 366 revolution, 474 sexuality, 451 sovereignty, 113 liberalism, 251–254

biopolitics, 41–42 civil society, 65 freedom, 157–158

governmentality, 178–180 human nature, 311–312 ordoliberalism, 180 politics, 367

population, 370 security, 376 state, the, 460, 480 visibility, 538

life, 40, 254–263, 374–375, 565–566 animal, 341, 511

art of, 444 beautiful, 140 biohistory, 31–35 biology, 52, 202 biopolitics, 42–43

biopower, 44–45, 459 Canguilhem, 584–586 capital punishment, 53 counterconduct, 49 death, 47, 94–98 error, 581

ethical, 140 experience, 343 initude, 646

forms of, 159, 160, 199, 271, 296, 363, 382, 525, 538

good, 140 government of, 607 history, 215

human nature, 310–311 limit, 149

medicine, 297–298 militant forms of, 198 pathological, 563 politics, 421 population, 48, 373

racism, 420, 422, 464, 480, 542–543 sovereignty, 3, 456–457, 460–461, 544 truth, 558, 606

ways of, 209–211, 368 limit-experience. See experience, limitliterature, 263–270

Blanchot, 572–575

language, 240–241 linguistics, 238 madness, 277–278

outside, the, 322, 324–325 philology, 214

lived-experience. See experience, livedlove, 270–273

Ancient, 100, 360, 556 Cynicism, 354 fraternal, 79 genealogy, 166

Plato, 669–670 pleasure, 210

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 652–655 Althusser, 553 governmentality, 177

war, 541

madness, 51, 227, 278–279, 302, 309, 573 Althusser, 551

Blanchot, 575 coercion, 550 contemporary, 173 Derrida, 596–600 Descartes, 603–604, 605 discourse, 388 experience, 150

Freud, 612–613 Hegel, 626 knowledge, 339 painting, 327 problematization, 401 psychiatry, 405–408

psychoanalysis, 411, 413–414 reason, 15, 110, 426, 499 Roussel, 676

Shakespeare, 690–691 silence, 551

truth, 519–520 visibility, 535

man, 16, 33, 40–41, 90–91, 238, 281–288 Althusser, 550

Aristotle, 260 Binswanger, 568 body, 529

death of. See death, of man desire, 452

double, the, 133–134 error, 585 experience, 148

initude, 153–155, 230–231, 646 hermeneutics of the subject, 185

man (cont.)

human sciences, 34, 212–216, 681 humanism, 685

Kant, 632

knowledge, 340–341, 645 language, 430 liberalism, 252

life, 34 madness, 597 medicine, 295

modernity, 234, 259 nature, 308–310 Nietzsche, 664–665 outside, the, 324–325, 343 painting, 329–330 production, 159 psychoanalysis, 415 rationality, 406

science, 586 self, 447 species, 342, 459 truth, 519 visibility, 535

Marxism, 288–295

Althusser, 552 freedom, 158 ideology, 203

phenomenology and, 345 power, 591 representation, 202 state, the, 479 structuralism, 266 transgression, 513

medicine, 295–300 Bichat, 563–564 biohistory, 42 biopolitics, 37–38 criminal psychiatry, 6 death, 564

desire, 210 error, 584, 586 family, 8

historical a priori, 200–201 hospital, 31, 39 individuality, 257

law, 208 madness, 275, 407

mental medicine, 276 modernity, 566 sexuality, 7

space, 469

truth, 581 visibility, 536 will to know, 585

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 655–662 experience, 687

freedom, 683 institution, 218–219 literature, 265 man, 148

painting, 328

philosophy of the subject, 190 psychology, 570 transcendence, 339

visible, the, 535 monster, 300–301, 311 abnormality, 5–6

knowledge, 7 law, 247

multiplicity, 304–308 Althusser, 550 Deleuze, 590 difference, 107 discipline, 41

dispositif (apparatus), 128 experience, 149

force relations, 366, 486, 540, 543–544, 589 Kant, 635

language, 285, 665 outside, the, 343, 574 population, 389 recurrence, 332 science, 122

natural history, 34, 52, 104, 184, 213 natural law, 111, 311, 312, 507 nature, 34, 258–259, 308–315

anthropology, 230 body, 54

history, 542 legality, 249

monster, the, 5, 247, 300–301 power, 373

science, 660 singular nature, 667 state of, 65

neoliberalism, 42 biopolitics, 37 control, 85

governmentality, 176, 180–181 law, 248–249

multiplicity, 306

state, the, 480–481 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 662–669

actuality, 131 communism, 289 critique, 87, 91–92, 230 death of God, 429 Deleuze, 588–589, 590 initude, 646

Freud, 610

genealogy, 165, 166, 167, 168, 195, 220, 349 Habermas, 618

historical a priori, 204 history, 187, 188–189, 231 Kant, 642

knowledge, 232, 531 literature, 265 madness, 613

man, 284–285 multiplicity, 332 power, 365, 656 practice, 508 psychoanalysis, 414 reason, 129 Shakespeare, 691 state, the, 479 subject, the, 493, 687 subjectiication, 128

truth, 35, 237, 290, 348, 350–351, 555 unreason, 277

war, 693

normalization, 4–7, 111, 315–322 abnormality, 3

control, 85

desire, 100–101, 359

discipline, 113, 114, 248, 305, 374, 409, 451, 459

emancipation, 434 ethics, 140 freedom, 160 human sciences, 215 law, 245, 246

man, 215

medicine, 38, 110, 295–297, 298 monster, the, 302

pleasure, 360, 363 population, 47, 375 problematization, 137 resistance, 433, 435–436 science, 92

secular morality, 414 sexuality, 124, 210, 279, 352

sovereignty, 464 surveillance, 232

outside, 322–327 Blanchot, 573–575 contestation, 80 difference, 108 ethics, 447 experience, 149 force relations, 236

language, 81, 131, 238, 239–240 literature, 572

madness, 278 Merleau-Ponty, 659 phenomenology, 343 power relations, 619 truth, 524

painting, 327–334 dispositif (apparatus), 127 language, 241

madness, 274, 275 Merleau-Ponty, 658–659 visibility, 537

parresia, 268–269, 334–337, 525, 557–558, 686 confession, 353

friendship, 163

hermeneutics of the subject, 185 Plato, 671–672

phenomenology, 133–135, 337–345, 655–656 body, 660

experience, 147–148 history, 188, 205, 218 knowledge, 631, 661 man, 153, 666 Marxism and, 345 medicine, 295 Merleau-Ponty, 219 painting, 328

phenomenological psychiatry, 567, 570 practice, 387

Sartre, 681 science, 290 subjectivity, 285 visibility, 535

philosophy, 90, 108, 188, 197, 322–327, 404, 640

academic, 602 actuality, 196 ancient, 606

anthropology, 309, 649