
- •Table of Contents
- •Also by James Randi The Truth About Uri Geller Houdini: His Life and Art (with Bert Sugar) Flim-Flaml Test Your esp Potential
- •Inquiries should be addressed to Prometheus Books, 59 John Glenn Drive, Amherst, New York 14228-2197, 716-691-0133, ext. 207. Fax: 716-564-2711. Www.Prometheusbooks.Com
- •1. Spiritual healing—Controversial literature. 2. Healers—Controversial literature. I. Title.
- •Isbn 0-87975-369-2
- •Foreword by Carl Sagan
- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •The Origins of Faith-Healing
- •A Plethora of Religious Flotsam
- •The Royal Touch
- •Valentine Greatraks, the “Stroker.”
- •The Most Famous Christian Shrine
- •Virgins Galore
- •The Afflicted Visionary
- •There Is a Baby in the Bath Water
- •The Problems of Examining Claims
- •A Remarkable Case from Lourdes
- •The Search for Evidence on Micheli
- •The Latest Official “Miracle”
- •Faith-Healing in Modern Times
- •The Pattern Is Established
- •A Similarity to Witchcraft
- •An Orthodox Service
- •It’s Magic
- •Sacred Babble
- •A Minor Test
- •The Most Important Ingredient
- •A Trick with Biblical Roots
- •The “Gift of Knowledge”
- •A Smooth Act
- •The Family Bible Tells All
- •A Disclaimer
- •The Art of Mnemonics
- •All Sorts of Trickery
- •The Church View
- •More Orthodox Views
- •How Do Their Associates Feel About the Faith-Healers?
- •Caution: Demons at Work
- •Send in the Demons
- •The Roman Catholic Bestiary
- •Christianity and Voodoo: Are They That Different?
- •An Early Skeptic
- •Anointing by the Anointed
- •A Lutheran Point of View
- •The Financial Aspects
- •God as Terrorist
- •Saved from the Unthinkable
- •Gold Bars and Cut Diamonds
- •A Very Private Matter
- •The Mail Operation
- •Living High on the Hog
- •Religion, Texas-style
- •Revelations of a Decorator
- •More Real Estate
- •High Living in Texas, Too
- •A Bold Admission
- •The Mail Operations of Faith-Healers
- •I Have a Little List
- •The Biggest Little Mail Room in California
- •The Eagle’s Nest Mail Room
- •The Tulsa Postman’s Burden
- •Copying a Good Idea
- •Faulty Computer Programming
- •A. A. Allen and Miracle Valley
- •A Disclaimer—Just in Case
- •A Colorful Start
- •A Tough Customer
- •The Evidence for Healing
- •The Dream Ends
- •The King Is Dead
- •A Fortuitous Encounter
- •Trouble in Paradise and a Touching Defense
- •Suspicious Signs and Wonders
- •A Man with a Lot of Enemies
- •The Preacher in Prison
- •Enter a New Character, the Reverend Peter Popoff
- •Caught in the Act
- •Back in the Saddle Again
- •A Simple Act to Follow
- •W. V. Grant and the Eagle’s Nest
- •The Big Operator from Big d
- •Diversity of Operations
- •The Elusive Truth
- •Miracle Time
- •How Blind Is “Blind”?
- •A Careful Observer
- •The Wheelchair Trick
- •A Theologian’s Opinion
- •Behind the Scenes
- •Does Grant Ever Heal Anyone?
- •An Unhappy Customer
- •The Pretending Game
- •Not Blind Enough to Be Deceived
- •The Media Attitude
- •A Devastating Exposé in Rochester
- •An Odd Coincidence
- •The Story Starts Falling Apart
- •The Haitian Orphanages
- •W. V. Grant Replies to wokr-tv
- •A Brother in Trouble
- •Another Well-Informed Reporter
- •The Trash Detail
- •A Sad Record of Problems with No Solutions
- •The Written Evidence
- •The “Leg-Stretching” Miracle
- •Celebrities at His Feet
- •A Disillusioned Employee
- •A Brooklyn Encounter with Grant
- •The Interior Decorator Tells All
- •Peter Popoff and His Wonderful Machine
- •A Rellglous Entrepreneur
- •A Major Exposure
- •The Leaflet Campaign
- •Revelations
- •Sophisticated Technology at Work
- •An Intended Deception
- •Case for the Defense
- •A Valuable Colleague
- •The Electronic Evidence
- •A Different Brand of People
- •They’ll Believe Anything
- •The Popoff Camp Answers by Mail
- •Backs to the Wall
- •An Unhappy Toiler in the Vineyard
- •And Then There’s the Other Sherrill Family
- •An Important Character
- •One Broken Promise Too Many
- •Electronics to the Rescue
- •The “Russian Bibles” Vandalism Scam
- •The Plot Thickens
- •The Vandals Strike
- •The Appeal to Repair the Devil’s Work
- •The Smoking Videotape
- •Selling the Snake Oil
- •The Damning Evidence of Popoff’s Personal Involvement
- •The Mail Campaign
- •No Refunds in the Religion Business
- •A Plea from a Colleague
- •A Similar Case in Chicago
- •Expert Advice Is Sought—and Ignored
- •High-Powered Mail
- •Oral Roberts and the City of Faith
- •A Losing Proposition
- •Divine Financial Advice
- •Get Thee Behind Me, Poverty
- •The Canvas Cathedral
- •Economy-Size Miracles
- •The Midas Touch
- •A Few Paradoxes and Second Thoughts
- •The Ultimate Presumption
- •A Word of Knowledge from Pat Robertson
- •The Political Power of the Evangelists
- •Other Wonders, Too
- •A Sour Note from a Colleague
- •A Redefinition
- •The tv Special to End Them All
- •The Psychic Dentist and an Unamazing Grace
- •Skimpy Evidence
- •Going to the Top
- •Trouble Down Under
- •Improving the Account
- •Dentistry by Alchemy
- •A Serious, Direct Health Hazard
- •The Shirley Temple of Faith-Healing
- •Six More Failed Examples
- •An Amazing Lack of Evidence and Loss of Memory
- •The Gift of Knowledge Backfires
- •Father DiOrio: Vatican-Approved Wizard
- •Down Syndrome “Cured”
- •A Superior’s Opinion
- •More Incredible Claims, But No Evidence
- •Sidestepping the Question
- •The Heavy Burden of Guilt
- •The Lesser Lights
- •Danny Davis
- •Kathryn (“The Great”) Kuhlman
- •Daniel Atwood
- •David Epley
- •Brother (Reverend) Al (Warick)
- •David Paul
- •Ernest Angley
- •The Happy Hunters
- •Practical Limitations of Medical Science
- •What Does Medical Science Offer?
- •The Attitude of Orthodox Physicians
- •The Experts Speak Up
- •The French Attitude
- •An Interested Anthropologist Looks at Faith-Healing
- •Evangelists as Friends
- •The Aim of Medical Science
- •Where Is the Evidence?
- •Ancient Precursors
- •What You See Is Not What You Get
- •An m.D. Refuses to Answer
- •A Nlneteenth-Century Case and Its Conclusion
- •Willful Blindness
- •The Case of Rose Osha
- •So What Harm Is Done, Anyway?
- •The Nature of the Ailments
- •The Elusive Proof
- •The Mystery of the Discarded Crutches
- •A Personal Experience in Canada
- •The Anthropologist’s View
- •Many Similar Conclusions
- •A Proudly Quoted Miracle
- •A Physician Answers My Request
- •The Newspapers Have a Go at It
- •Why Do They Continue to Believe?
- •A Poor Body of Proof
- •The Devil Known as Science
- •The Refusal to Know
- •A Religious Parallel
- •The Art of Rationalization
- •The Overlap of Magic and Science
- •The Placebo Effect
- •The Endorphin Effect
- •Psychotherapy vs. Faith-Healing
- •Keeping the Victims Dependent
- •Standards of Evidence
- •Oral Roberts Fails Examination
- •An Epilepsy “Cure” by Peter Popoff
- •A Nonexistent Tumor “Cured” by Peter Popoff
- •The Bare Facts
- •A Simple Challenge, Unanswered
- •Legal Aspects
- •Many More Cases of Dying Children
- •A Wise Statement Seldom Heeded
- •A Reluctance to Enforce the Law
- •Other Legal Concerns
- •Final Thoughts
- •An Update
- •Bibliography
- •Appendix Appendix I
- •Appendix II
- •Appendix III
- •Appendix IV
The Aim of Medical Science
A large percentage of those who turn to faith-healers rather than depending on medical science have the erroneous expectation that competent doctors should be able to diagnose and cure, in a straightforward and speedy manner, whatever disease is presented to them. This is simply not true. Medical doctors do their best to make life longer, more comfortable, and more productive for their patients. They strive to cancel out and repair the effects of injuries and infections. Relief is their goal, and they seldom have the satisfaction of returning total recovery to their customers. Their promises are few, and with good reason. There is a point beyond which medical science—at least at present—cannot go. The normal attrition of later years, disease, and death are all part of the life process. We can combat the causes and the symptoms of some diseases. Specific medications and techniques attack bacteria and viruses and either remove the invading elements or arrest their attacks upon the orderly progress of life. But death—premature or not—often results simply and naturally from a series of failures of various smaller systems that are links in the life process and part of the support of our existence rather than from any catastrophic event. With the passing of years we break down, with, it is hoped, a certain amount of grace and with the support of friends and a social system that respects and accepts our increasing failures to perform as previously. Reaction time becomes greater, perceptions are less sensitive, and memory serves us less efficiently. Perhaps the accompanying lessened awareness is an unplanned but welcome mercy of nature that eases passage; certainly it seems to be an advantage, given the inevitability of death. I find no injustice in death, probably because I recognize the advantage to my species of a limited lifespan and the need for a great number of generations to improve the stock through selection. That process has enabled some of us to visit the moon and one of us to compose the “Moonlight Sonata.” To those who cannot summon up such a philosophy, death is an enemy. Disease and geriatric failures are his allies, seen as precursors to the end of life. It all seems so unfair, and faced with evidence of these failings, unable or unwilling to accept the medical facts, many people harken to joyful promises of cures for a multitude of ailments—biological changes that are actually inevitable and quite natural. They seek magic, and the promise of a miracle is held out to them—on a barbed hook.
16
Where Is the Evidence?
Most of us discover soon enough that the world is full of misinformation. Some of it is the result of ignorance or its sibling, carelessness. Some, unfortunately, is spawned by self-serving interest or malice. And much misinformation is either the result of wishful thinking—we want it to be true, and so it must be—or represents a kind of symbolic truth: it ain’t necessarily so, but it really ought to be. (From Time-Honored Lies, by Tom Burnam.)
In researching this book, I began to relate every experience and fact I came upon to the faith-healing phenomena. News broadcasts, magazine articles, conversations, and correspondence all went into the hopper, and I tried to extract from them significant relationships in order to make sense of the bizarre data I had collected. Then I received a call from the manager of Alice Cooper, a rock star for whom the word “bizarre” might have been invented. Cooper’s real name is Vincent Furnier. Much like the Frankenstein monster/Boris Karloff relationship, Alice Cooper/Vince Furnier is aware of who’s who. Furnier can switch out of the Cooper character, pick up his golf clubs, and play nine holes without so much as two notes escaping his lips. He “disconnects” very smoothly. I traveled with Cooper’s remarkable show a few years ago, working special effects. His manager was calling to ask if I’d like to attend an upcoming concert near my home in Florida. I readily accepted, needing a break from investigating the faith-healing business and feeling that a different form of make-believe might be a welcome change. Now, as I saw the latest version of the show, with the stage lighting, the roaring loudspeakers, the screaming star, it suddenly struck me that what I was watching was not too different from the meetings of Peter Popoff, W. V. Grant, and David Paul. The litany and the dress were different, but the crowd was reacting in much the same fashion. They were there to see a star they recognized. He had a message, albeit incredible and wild, that they wanted to hear and accept. He was loud. He was colorful. He loved them, and made that plain. But no one questioned whether his real persona matched what they saw on stage. Another notion occurred to me. I thought of professional wrestling, with its blatant fakery, overacted dramas, ersatz blood, and phony injuries. The long hours of dedicated practice, the careful placing of each blow, the choreography—that, too, fit into this strange picture of human beings abandoning reason and entering a drama as actors, willy-nilly. The fans, in accordance with some unwritten but understood rule, will not allow themselves to wonder whether the blood, the moves, and the results are real; they are content to pretend. I see a strong parallel between the rock concert, the pro-wrestling scene, and faith-healing. The one obvious common thread is this: No one ever stops to ask the most important question: Is it for real? It is an uncomfortable, obscene, blasphemous, and impolite query that is just not tolerated.