УТВЕРЖДАЮ
Проректор по учебной работе
профессор
______________________
М.А. Иванов
«_____» ____________2012 г.
Тесты к экзамену
по учебной дисциплине
«Иностранный (английский) язык»
IV семестр
Для студентов специальностей:
220100.62 Системный анализ и управление
220201.65.01 Управление и информатика в технических системах
220301.65.01 Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств
Вариант 3
Составители: доц. Азаренкова М.И., каф.ИЯ
доц. Кирпичников Р.Д., каф.ИЯ
Санкт-Петербург
2012
Блок чтения
Read the text 1.
Choose the best alternatives 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 to answer the questions.
Systems analysis
It is the interdisciplinary branch of science, dealing with analysis of systems, often prior to their automation as computer systems, and the interactions within those systems. This field is closely related to operations research.
The terms analysis and synthesis come from classical Greek and mean respectively "to loosen up" and "to put together". These terms are used in scientific disciplines from mathematics and logic to economy and psychology to denote similar investigative procedures. In general, analysis is defined as the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial whole into parts or components. Synthesis is defined as the opposite procedure: to combine separate elements or components in order to form a coherent whole. The systems discussed within systems analysis can be within any field such as: industrial processes, management, decision making processes, environmental protection processes, etc. Systems analysis researchers apply mathematical methodology to the analysis of the systems involved trying to form a detailed overall picture.
Practitioners of systems analysis are often called up to dissect systems that have grown haphazardly, to determine the current components of the system. This was shown during the year 2000 re-engineering effort as business and manufacturing processes were examined and simplified as part of the Y2K automation upgrades. Current employment titles utilizing systems analysis include, but are not limited to, Systems Analyst, Business Analyst, Manufacturing Engineer, Enterprise Architect, etc.
While practitioners of systems analysis can be called upon to create entirely new systems their skills are more often used to modify, expand or document existing systems (processes, procedures and methods).
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Вопросы |
Варианты ответов |
1. |
What is system analysis ? |
1. part of physics 2. chemical analysis 3. interdisciplinary branch of science 4. part of mathematics 5. applied science |
2. |
This science is closely relate to… |
1. demography 2. management 3. automation 4. business research 5. operation research |
3. |
What does it mean analysis ? |
1. to implement 2. to loosen up 3. to solve a problem 4. to find a variant 5. to resolve a problem |
4. |
Where can we use the term analysis?: |
1. in policy 2. in sports 3. in arts 4. in economy 5. in history |
5. |
How is defined synthesis ? |
1. as a procedure to combine elements 2. as a whole process 3. as a procedure to integrate elements 4. as decomposition 5. as a part of analysis
|
6. |
What methodology does apply a system analysis researcher? |
1. no methodology 2. mathematical methodology 3. analytical methodology 4. physical methodology 5. teaching methodology |
7. |
What is the aim of calling up practitioners of system analysis?: |
1. to make a decision 2. to discuss problems 3. to recommend the best way of solving the problem 4. to dissect systems 5. to overcome difficulties |
8. |
When were examined and simplified business and manufacturing processes? |
1. recently 2. in XX century 3. during last decade 4. a year ago 5. in 2000 |
9. |
What current employment titles are included in system analysis? |
1. Architect 2. Economist 3. Producer 4. Manufacturing Engineer 5. Public Relations Analyst |
10. |
How can be used the skills of systems analysts? |
1. to make a decision 2. to design new systems 3. to found a company 4. to modify existing systems 5. to transform all systems |
Text 2.
Choose the most suitable sentence from the list 1-5 outlining the main idea of the paragraph
11. |
The United States lies in the central part of the North American Continent between the two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the Pacific Ocean to the West. The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, situated in the central part of the North American continent of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska separated by the Canadian territory and the rest major part of the USA. |
1. The Geography of the USA 2. The Politics of the Country 3. Geographical Position of the Country 4. People in the USA 5. The American Continent
|
12. |
The United States of America is a parliamentary republic. The government is divided into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic and the Republican. The US President is both the head of the state and government. He is elected for a four-year term. The President is assisted by Secretaries who are the heads of the executive departments. |
1. The Political System of the Country 2. The President 3. The Government 4. US Congress 5. The Democracy in the USA
|
13. |
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and the head of the judicial branch of US government. The federal and state courts have the power of “judicial review”. Also there are about ninety district courts in different parts of the United States. American judicial practice is firmly committed to the idea of jury trials. The Constitution guarantees them for both criminal and civil cases. |
1. The Laws of the Country 2. The Government 3. The State Law 4. The Power of Law 5. The US Judicial System |
Read the text 3.
Decide which answer 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 best fits each space:
Knowledge Representation in Artificial Intelligence Research
Knowledge representation and knowledge engineering -14- central to artificial intelligence (AI) research. Many of the problems machines are -15- to solve will require extensive knowledge about the world. Among the things that AI needs to represent are: objects, properties, categories and relations -16- objects; situations, events, states and time; causes and effects; knowledge about knowledge (what we know -17- what other people know); and many other, less well researched domains. A complete representation of "what exists" is an ontology (borrowing a word from traditional philosophy), of which the -18- general are called upper ontology.
Knowledge representation is an issue that arises in both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. In cognitive science it is concerned -19- how people store and process information. In artificial intelligence (AI) the primary aim is to store knowledge so that programs can process it and achieve the verisimilitude of -20- intelligence. AI researchers -21- borrowed representation theories from cognitive science.
There are representation -22- such as frames, rules and semantic networks which have originated from theories of human information processing. Since knowledge is used -23- achieve intelligent behavior, the fundamental goal of knowledge representation is to represent knowledge in a manner as to facilitate drawing conclusions -24- knowledge.
Some issues that -25- in knowledge representation from an AI perspective are represented in the table.
14. |
1 is |
2 are |
3 will be |
4 were |
5 be |
15. |
1 wanted |
2 believed |
3 considered |
4 thought |
5 expected |
16. |
1 from |
2 with |
3 between |
4 among |
5 for |
17. |
1 about |
2 off |
3 by |
4 to |
5 from |
18. |
1 less |
2 most |
3 more |
4 many |
5 much |
19. |
1 with the help |
2 with |
3 by |
4 by means |
5 without |
20. |
1 whole |
2 brain |
3 animal |
4 human |
5 general |
21. |
1 have |
2 had |
3 have been |
4 was |
5 had been |
22. |
1 type |
2 variant |
3. kind |
4 sort |
5 techniques |
23. |
1 by means |
2 to |
3 in order |
4 for |
5 - |
24. |
1 about |
2 of |
3 off |
4 from |
5 for |
25. |
1 resolve |
2 discuss |
3 include |
4 solve |
5 arise |