1) Sightseeing in big cities.

Key patterns: to show someone around, to go on a guided tour, to see the sights, to go sightseeing, to get about, to get lost, to get to, to turn to the right (left).

2) Places worth seeing in our city.

Key-patterns: places of interest, monuments, the main streets, to welcome visitors, smiling faces, city transport, churches, cathedrals, supermarkets and shops, modern buildings, squares and parks, greenery, flowers and trees, flowerbeds, fountains, cafes and restaurants.

Additional reading 2

Text 2. Read and translate the text “City’s Emblem”.

to approve to adopt furnace iron foundry to spring hammer labor to stand for ribbon shield patron

схвалювати приймати піч залізо - плавильний походити, брати початок молоток праця означати, символізувати стрічка щит Покровитель

The emblem of the city was approved by tsar Nickolas II on April 22, 1903. It was not used in 1918-1992 and was readopted by Lugansk City Council in February 1992. The blast furnace symbolizes the iron foundry from which the town sprang. The black hammers are symbols of labor. Nine six-pointed stars represent the nine largest cities of the region. The letter “E” stands for Yekaterinislav Government. The red ribbon around the shield was taken from the Order of St. Andrew, the saint patron of Ukraine. The gray kirks are a symbol of the Donets Basin and the gray brick crown is a symbol of creative building.

T ext 3. Read and translate the text “From the History of the Region”.

According to the archeological data, the first settlements on the territory of the region appeared about 100 thousand years ago. In the 3^rd- 1^st centuries BC the endless steppes of the territory were settled by Sarmathians, Iranian-speaking cattle-breading tribes. The Alanians, the descendents of the Sarmathians and the Bulgarians, Turkish-speaking tribes, inhabited the territory afterwards. During the 9^th- 13^th centuries other Turkish-speaking tribes (Pechenegs, Turks, Polovians ) inhabited the basin of the Severskiy Donets. In the first half of the 13^th century the Tatar-Mongols conquered these lands and controlled them for over 2 centuries. At the end of 15^th century Ukrainian and Russian people began to colonize these lands. They built a lot of watch-towers along the Severskiy Donets and other rivers. The number of settlers increased in the 17^th century when a lot of new villages and settlements were founded; among them are Novopskov and Svatovo. In the 18^th-19^th centuries Russian landowners got lands on the territory of the region. In the first half of the 18^th century deposits of iron ore, coal and other minerals were discovered on the region and their mining began. In 1795 the construction of an iron foundry started on the banks of the Luhanka. It was the beginning of the city of Luhansk. Its factory produced cannons for the Russian Black Sea Navy. The Industrial Boom caused a considerable re-settlement of peasants from other regions. The abolition of serfdom in 1861 accelerated the industrial development. New settlements, factories and railroads were built. In 1990 locomotive-building factory was dedicated which soon became Russia’s biggest one of such kind. Now it is a diesel-locomotive-building factory whose products are known in many countries of the world.