2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

• What were the first electronic digital machines like?

• What was the first graphic program?

• What are the most interesting items of the electronic digital machines exposition? (Describe them in much details).

4- What is fractal?

• How can you describe the present day significance of software?

3. Прочитайте текст и переведите его на русский язык.

Modern Computer Usage for Keeping the Computer Technology History

Unfortunately, to restore the first electronic digital machines lor the demonstration of their work is practically impossible. However with the aid of modern computers it is possible to hIiow the operation of the separate devices. One of such demonstration complexes was created on the base of plotter “KC-7051M” and the personal computer, which works in the medium DOS. In the 1980 years this plotter was the device lor input-output information in the computers of United System and worked under control of the special block. In the computer collection of Polytechnic Museum we have this block. In the correspondence with the comprised technical task the

• I ndent of Moscow Institute Electronics and Mathematics had developed the schematic of joining this plotter with the personal computer, and then he assembled a new control unit on the basis of contemporary technological base. He wrote programs of control in the algorithmic language С ++ and ilcnionstration programs, which made it possible to derive

1. 1m images selected by user from the library. The first nlgorithmic language was FORTRAN (1955 year), and it’s graphic application was language GRAFOR, created for fulfilling the graphic works at the end of I960 years in the I nstitute of Applied Mathematics named after М. V. Keldysh.

In the exposition of the Electronic Digital Machines hall l or the visitors of any categories can see the input-output of Information from the computer and its fixation in the form of the drawings, different diagrams, graphs and tables on I li«> paper with the aid of the plotter ES-7051. In the 70 years in Central Research Institute of Experimental Dwelling Projects the graphic mapping program ALGRAF was created. It made possible to automate designing of architectural and town-building objects. This program made it possible to present the work of an achitecter during the presence of the planning solutions of rooms and the work of an artist-designer during the search for the versions of complex forms and curved surfaces. Any visitor can perceive itself a little in their role.

Also in the exposition the dynamic stand of logic elements “Logical functions on the semiconductors” works under the control of the personal computer. Executed at the factory of museum in 1960 years, it was no longer subject to restoration. Now it is easy to explain during the excursions with its aid, as can be realized the basic logical functions on the basis of the use of semiconductors in the second generation computers. Now for any categories of visitors it is possible to demonstrate with PC the following slide-shows. Also with the aid of the contemporary multimedia computer it is possible to hear out the computer music.

The work accordinc to digitization of video films was done. The first 5 films are already enumerated: “Academician Lebedev”, “Machine geometry and graphics” “Carved surfaces in automatization system” and others. This work is planned to be continued.

It is wonderfully to demonstrate the connection of nature, mathematics, computer technology and arts with the aid of the fraktal drawing. Fantastic patterns, FRAKTALS, carried out not possessing imagination computer, following the mathematical and artistic intention of the doctor of technical sciences, the chief researcher of Institute Information Transfer of Russian Sciency Academy Peter Nikolayev. The Computer seemingly sends point into the journey through the complex plane in accordance with some specific roles of the fulfillment of the operations on the complex numbers and obtains the whimsical band of ornament, which exits to the infinite depth. Among the variety of locks, spirals and eddies every time before us it is opened the picture of amazing beauty and appear many times the reduced copies of primordial Mandelbrot set.

In XXI century artistic software finds ever wider acceptance. During May 2002 year in Moscow the festival of media-art is passed “Software as the kind of art or artistic games with software”. It was oriented to the skill, adequate to information society, to the activity, artistically and theoretically interpreting new reality, which can be enumerated. With the aid of modern multimedia PC it is possible to look over the work of participants in this festival, which demonstrated deep properties and qualities of programming. These works are executed with the use of contemporary, but most usual, i.e., widespread software. The Programmer-artist, who creates or who uses software “differently”, is capable, at least to the period, to conquer commerce and to introduce skill into the spheres, in which its presence is not primordial provided. This usage of a computer with its multimedia possibilities makes it possible substantially to supplement and to expand the set of the themes, connected with the computer technology history without any limitations.

4. Соотнесите следующие предложения с соответству­ющим переводом:

1 . В прошлом году мы 1. Also with the aid of the

проводили работу, соглас- contemporary multimedia

но цифровым видеофиль- computer ... мам ...

2. Сейчас тоже некоторые ка- 2. In XXI century artistic

тегории посетителей име- software ... ют возможность ...