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15. Прочтите текст с и объясните, почему предложе­ние не идентично имеющимся в наличии товарам.

farmer ploughs in his cabbages because he thinks the market price is too low-the cabbages were a part of the existing stock but they never become part of the current supply.

The basic law of supply says 'More will be supplied at a higher price than at lower price'. An increase in price usual­ly means that production will become more profitable and we would expect existing producers to expand their outputs in response to rising prices. In addition, in the long run, an increase in price (and hence profits) would tend to encour­age new firms to enter the industry.

Supply

The demand curve shows the relationship between prices and the quantities demanded. The supply schedule and supply curve show the relationship between market prices and the quantities which suppliers are prepared to offer for sale. Supply is not the same thing as 'existing stock' or 'amount available'. We are only concerned here with the amounts actually brought to market and these amounts depend to a large extent on the ruling market price. If a

UNIT 7. MONEY

1. Прочтите следующие слова:

society, civilisation, adequately, frustrating, surplus, cumbersome, coincidence, merely, disposal, similar, triangular, major, acceptable, medium, amazing, valua­tion, immediately, wealth, deteriorate, purchase, spread, pattern, instalment

2. Прочтите и переведите следующие группы слов:

an essential tool of civilisation, the direct exchange of goods and services, the great disadvantage of barter, a laborious system of exchange, an amazing variety of goods and services, a piece of furniture, the value of one commodity, a means of making deferred payments, in the case of hire purchase contacts

3. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

acceptable (adj.)

— приемлемый

adequately (adv.)

— адекватно

arrangement (n.)

— устройство

article (n.)

— изделие, товар

coincidence (n.)

— совпадение

consider (v.)

— рассматривать

cumbersome (adj.)

— громоздкий,

обременительный

deferred payment

— отсроченный платеж

delivery (n.)

— доставка

deteriorate (v.)

— портиться

devote (v.)

— посвящать

exchange rate

— обменный курс

face (v.)

— сталкиваться с чем-то

frustrating (adj.)

— бесполезный

hire purchase

— аренда с опционом покупки

hold (v.)

— держать

invention (л.)

— изобретение

instalment (n.)

— рассрочка

insure (v.)

— гарантировать, страховать

laborious (adj.)

— затрудненный

medium (n.)

— средство, способ

merely (adv.)

— только, просто

need (л.)

— потребность, нужда

payment (n.)

— платеж

promise (л.)

— обещание

rely upon (v.)

— полагаться на

remove (v.)

— удалять

seek out (v.)

— искать

similar (adj.)

— подобный, похожий

spread (v.)

— распределять,

распространять

stock (л.)

— запас

store (v.)

— хранить, запасать

surplus (л.)

— добавка

trading (adj.)

— торговый

whereby (adv.)

— посредством чего-то