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Міністерство освіти і науки України

Херсонський національний технічний університет

Кафедра іноземних мов

Рег. № 11/252 – 23.06.08

Методичні рекомендації

за темою “The science of chemistry”

для проведення практичних занять

з дисципліни “ Іноземна мова”

для студентів 1 курсу

для спеціальності 7.091601 Хімічна технологія

органічних речовин

напряму підготовки 6.051301 Хімічна технологія

факультету технологій та дизайну

Херсон 2008

Методичні рекомендації для проведення практичних занять з дисципліни „Іноземна мова” для студентів 1 курсу факультету технологій та дизайну спеціальності Хімічна технологія органічних речовин.

Укладач : викл.Статкевич О.К. , кількість сторінок 14.

Рецензент : доц.Фоменко Н.С.

Затверджено

на засіданні кафедри іноземних мов

протокол №8 від 9.04.08

Зав.кафедри ____________доц.Фоменко Н.С.

Методичні рекомендації за темою “The science of chemistry”для проведення практичних занять з дисципліни “ Іноземна мова” для студентів 1 курсу факультету технологій та дизайну складені відповідно до вимог діючої програми з англійської мови для студентів технічних вузів.

Цілі:

Практичні:

• Формувати навички і вміння вивчаючого читання на основі тексту „The Science of Chemistry”.

• Формувати навички і вміння монологічного мовлення за темою заняття.

• Формувати навички і вміння ознайомлювального читання на основі тексту.

Розвиваюча:

• Розвивати пізнавальну та творчу активність студентів.

Освітня:

- Сприяти розширенню світогляду студентів.

Виховна:

• Виховувати почуття поваги до майбутньої професії.

Хід заняття

І. Організаційний момент.

ІІ. Активізація і закріплення лексичного мінімуму заняття.

1. Give Ukrainian / English equivalents of the following words.

2. Replace the underlined word in each sentence with another word-synonym.

ІІІ. Формування навичок і вмінь вивчаючого читання тексту “The science of chemistry”.

1. Find the sentences in the text with predicates in the Passive Voice. Translate the sentences.

2. Match the word combinations in column A with their equivalents in column B.

3. Find the text and translate a passage describing:

a) the definition of chemistry;

b) D.I. Mendeleyev’s discovery;

c) the main processes and compounds.

4. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

5. Answer the following questions to the text.

ІV. Формування навичок і вмінь монологічного мовлення за темою:

1. Speak about the science of chemistry. Use the following plan.

V. Формування вмінь і навичок ознайомлювального читання на основі тексту в.

1. Find the right ending of the sentences.

2. Agree or disagree with the statements.

3. Answer the following questions in your native language.

Vі. Формування вмінь і навичок ознайомлювального читання на основі тексту с.

1. Fill in the tables.

2. Speak on the states of matter and its structure.

3. Characterize the atom using the table.

Vіі. Заключний етап заняття.

1. Пояснення домашнього завдання. (Discussion points).

2. Підведення підсумків заняття.

I Vocabulary

Exercise1. Study the vocabulary:

To concern- стосуватися, мати відношення

To be concerned with, syn. to deal with- мати справу з

Composition- склад

Property- властивість

Combination, syn. compound- сполучення, з’єднання

Matter, syn.substance- матеріал, речовина

To undergo (underwent,undergone)- зазнавати, переносити

Ancient- древній, стародавній

Alchemy- алхімія

Origіn- походження

To describe- описувати

Quantitatively- кількісно

Relationship- залежність, зв’язок

Pressure- тиск

Regularity- закономірність

Increase- зростання

To invent- винаходити

To involve- включати

Distillation- дистиляція, перегонка

Extraction- добування

Calcination- випал

Coagulation- коагуляція, зсідання

Sulphuric acid- сірчана кислота

Nitric acid- азотна кислота

Hydrochloric acid- соляна кислота

Alum- галун

Niter- селітра

Mercury- ртуть

Arsenic- миш’як, арсен

Antimony- сурма

Dye- барвник

Drug- лікарський засіб

Insecticide- засіб від комах

Detergent- мийний засіб

Explosive- вибухова речовина

Perfume- парфуми

Exercise 2. Give Ukrainian equivalents:

Matter

Alchemy

To undergo

Quantitatively

Pressure

Regularity

Weight

Calcination

Extraction

Sulphuric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Antimony

Insecticide

Detergent

Explosive

Exercise3. Give English equivalents:

Склад

Мати відношення

Древній

Походження

Описувати

Залежність

Мати справу з

Робити відкриття

Зростання

Винаходити

Дистиляція

Коагуляція

Азотна кислота

Галун

Селітра

Миш’як

Барвник

Ртуть

Лікарський засіб

Парфуми

Включати

Exercise4.Replace the underlined word in each sentence with another word-synonym:

Deals with properties compounds matters involve

1. Chemistry is the study of substances, their structure, their properties, and their reactions.

2. Chemistry is concerned with colours, catalysis and crystal structure, with physical properties and chemical reactivity.

3. In 1869 D.I.Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the qualities of the elements.

4. Chemical properties include the behaviour with other materials.

5. Many of the combinations are used in chemical work

II Reading

Exercise5. Read and translate the text A.

“The science of chemistry”

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.

The word “chemistry” comes from the earlier study of alchemy. The majority of historians agreed that the word “chemistry” has an Egyptian origin, based on the ancient Egyptian word Kёme (chem), which means “earth”. So alchemist was called a “chemist” in popular speech, and later the suffix “ry” was added to this to describe the art of the chemist as “chemistry”. Chemistry’s origin goes back to ansient times with the manufacture of bronze, iron, ceramics, and glass.

Chemistry deals with the nature of fire, the structure of water, with colours, catalysis and crystal structure, with physical properties and chemical reactivity.

In the 17 th century modern chemistry began with the work of Robert Boyle. He studied quantitatively the relationship between the volume of a gas and the external pressure upon it. Later A. Lavoisier introduced the concept of the chemical elements.

In the 19 th century A. Avogadro introduced the concept of molecules.

In 1869 D.I.Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements. Mendeleyev’s discovery was called the Periodic Table. The main idea of the Periodic system is the idea of periodic repetition of properties with the increase of the atomic weights.

Many great Russian chemists made a great contribution to the world science. Among them, the outstanding Russian chemists M.V.Lomonosov, D.I.Mendeleyev, A.M.Butlerov, academician M.M.Semenov, and Ukrainian chemists A.K.Babko, L.D.Babrivnuk, M.P.Kornilov.

Some of the processes used today in Chemistry were invented many years ago. Those were distillation, extraction, calcination, coagulation. Many of the compounds are used in chemical work. Among these are sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acids, alum, soda, ammonium chloride, niter and compounds of mercury, arsenic and antimony.

Everyone now understands the importance of chemistry. It is so much a part of our lives. Metals, glass, plastics, paper, soaps, detergents, explosives and perfumes are all made of chemicals. The future of chemistry is practically unlimited.

III Language

Exercise6. Find the sentences in the text with predicates in the Passive Voice. Translate the sentences.

Exercise7. Match words and word combinations in column A with those in column B.

A B

1. composition 1. мийний засіб

2. origin 2. сурма

3. to deal with 3. селітра

4. pressure 4. галун

5. calcination 5. засіб від комах

6. extraction 6. походження

7. sulphuric acid 7. тиск

8. hydrochloric acid 8. склад

9. alum 9. мати справу з

10. antimony 10. випал

11. niter 11. добування

12. mercury 12. вибухова речовина

13. insecticide 13. сірчана кислота

14. detergent 14. ртуть

15. explosive 15. соляна кислота

IV Comprehension

Exercise8. Find in the text and translate a passage describing:

1. the definition of chemistry;

2. D.I. Mendeleyev’s discovery;

3. The main processes and compounds.

Exercise9. Agree or disagree with following statements. Use expressions: You are right, It’s really so, I agree with you; No, it is not so, I’m afraid you are wrong, I can’t agree with you.

1. Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure and properties of matter.

2. The word “chemistry” has an Arab origin.

3. Chemistry deals with colours, catalysis and crystal structure, with physical properties and chemical reactivity.

4. In the 17 th century modern chemistry began with the work of A.Avogadro.

5. In the 19 th century A.Lavoisier introduced the concept of molecules.

6. In 1869 D.I.Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements.

7. The main idea of the Periodic system is the idea of periodic repetition of properties with the decrease of the atomic weights.

8. Distillation, extraction, calcination, coagulation were invented many years ago.

9. Sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acids, alum, soda, ammonium chloride, niter, compounds of mercury, arsenic and antimony are used in physical work.

10. The future of chemistry is practically limited.

Exercise10. Answer the following questions:

1. What do you know about chemistry?

2. What does chemistry study?

3. Where does the word chemistry come from?

4. What does chemistry deal with?

5. When did modern chemistry begin?

6. Who introduced the concept of the chemical elements?

7. What did D.I.Mendeleyev discover?

8. What chemists made a great contribution to the world science?

9. What processes were invented many years ago?

10.Why is the future of chemistry practically unlimited?

V Oral speech

Exercise 11. Speak about chemistry. Use the following plan.

1. The definition of chemistry.

2. The origin of the word chemistry.

3. The great chemist Robert Boyle and his theory.

4. A.Avogadro’s formulation of molecules and Lavoisier’s concept.

5. D.I.Mendeleyev‘s Periodic Law.

6. Great Russian and Ukrainian Scientists.

7. The main compounds and processes.

8. The future of chemistry.

VI Reading and comprehension.

Exercise 12. Read text B without dictionary.

FIELDS of CHEMISTRY

The science chemistry includes a study of properties, composition and structure of matter, the changes in structure and composition which matter undergoes, and the accompanying energy changes. There are more than 30 different branches of chemistry. Some of the better known fields are: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biological chemistry, nuclear chemistry, colloidal chemistry, electrochemistry, industrial chemistry, etc. Inorganic chemistry deals with the study of materials not derived from living organisms. However it now includes all substances other than the hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds. The term organic arose from the relationship of this branch of chemistry to organic, or living, matter. But many other “organic” compounds are prepared by chemists in the laboratory. Some years ago chemistry achieved tremendous successes in producing a new type of material, the so-called polymers. It is the product of organic synthesis. These materials possess truly remarkable properties which in some respect are similar to the properties of natural metals. Sometimes synthetic plastics combined with natural elements might have even more valuable properties than natural ones have. Physical chemistry is concerned with these parts of chemistry which are closely linked with physics as for instance, the behavior of substances when a current of electricity is passed through them. Analytical chemistry deals with the methods of separation of purer substances from mixtures, of elements from compounds. Synthetic chemistry deals with the methods by which complex bodies may be built up from simpler substances. Electrochemistry is concerned with the relation between electrical energy and chemical change. Electrolysis may be an example of it. Biochemistry has appeared on the boundaries between biology, and chemistry. The joint work of chemists and biologists promotes further development of science.

Notes:

To derive- походити, виводити

To arise (arose, arisen) - виникати, з’являтися

Tremendous- величезний

To possess- володіти

Separation- відокремлення, роз’єднання

Success- успіх

In some respect- в деякому відношенні

Exercise13. Find the right ending of the sentences.

1. Inorganic chemistry deals with …

1. the study of the properties and reactions of organic compounds;

2. the study of the chemicals, chemical reactions and chemical interactions;

3. the study of materials not derived from living organisms.

2. Organic chemistry is …

a) the study of the structure, properties, composition of inorganic compounds;

b) the study of the preparation, understanding of substances;

c) the chemistry of carbon compounds.

3. Physical chemistry is concerned with …

a) the relation between electrical energy and chemical change;

b) the behaviour of substances;

c) changes of state.

4. Analytical chemistry deals with …

a) the methods of separation of purer substances from mixtures;

b) the methods of separation of compounds;

c) the methods of separation of mixtures.

5. Synthetic chemistry deals with …

a) the methods by which simpler bodies may be built up from complex substances;

b) the methods by which complex bodies may be built up from simpler substances;

c) the methods of separation of elements from compounds.

Exercise 14. Agree or disagree with the statements.

1. There are more than 50 different branches of chemistry.

2. Inorganic chemistry deals with the study of materials of inorganic compounds.

3. Some years ago chemistry achieved large successes in producing rubber.

4. Physical chemistry is concerned with these parts of chemistry which are closely linked with physics.

5. Analytical chemistry deals with the methods of separation of the mixed substances.

6. Electrolysis is an example of the relation between electrical energy and chemical change.

7. Biochemistry has appeared on the boundaries between biology and physics.

Exercise15. Answer the questions in your native language.

1. What does the science chemistry include?

2. What branches of chemistry are well-known?

3. What is difference between inorganic and organic chemistry?

4. Why is it necessary to produce polymers?

5. What methods do analytical and synthetic chemistry deal with?

6. How is physical chemistry concerned with physics?

VII Reading and comprehension.

Exercise 16. Read the text without a dictionary.

“States of matter and its molecular and atomic constitution”

According to the law of conservation of matter, matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Matter can exist in three physical states, namely solid, liquid or gaseous. As a solid it has definite form and volume not easily changed by mechanical force. As a liquid it has no definite volume, but being fluid it takes the shape of its container. A gas has neither definite volume nor shape.

All matter — whether solid, liquid or gas — is made up of very small particles called molecules. Molecules in turn are made up of atoms, which are still smaller particles. The history of the atom goes back to the time of, the Greek thinker Democritus. He thought that all substances were made up of tiny particles or atoms which could not be further divided. It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century that the scientists first established experimentally the atomic theory of the structure of matter. They found that the simple forms of matter were chemical elements which consisted of atoms — inivisible particles of very small size. Then scientists discovered that the atom was further divisible and it was not the smallest thing in the world. Because atoms are so very small their number must be extremely large. An atom holds a tremendous force hidden in its tiny body.

The atom helps us to fly through the vast outer space. Atomic energy is enabling scientists to study cosmic rays and other phenomena in outer space.

Commentary

neither ...nor ... – ні … ні in turn – в свою чергу

Exercise 17. Fill in the tables.

States of matter

Shape and volume

Structure of matter

Exercise 18. Speak on the states of matter and its structure.

Exercise 19. Characterize the atom using the table.

Structure

properties

application

Exercise 20. Discussion points.

1. The development of science of chemistry.

2. Chemistry of today.

3. Constitution of matter.

Список використаної літератури:

1. Близниченко К.Л. Пособие для химико-технологических вузов. – М., Высшая школа, 1991.

2. Гмирянская В.А. Учебник английского языка – К., Вища школа, 1991.

3. Серебренникова Э.И. Учебник для химико-технологических специальностей вузов. – М., Высшая школа, 1987.

4. Oригінальні тексти з сучасних джерел.