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Файл:0662636_6F517_ancient_greek_roman_philosophy.ppt
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- •Ancient Greek- Roman philosophy
- •Ancient Greek and then Roman Mythology and Philosophy covers the period of 11-12
- •It originated in ancient Greek city states of democratic orientation. Its methods of
- •Of course, the early Greek philosophy is closely linked with the mythology, with
- •For myth as non-reflexive forms of consciousness the image of the world and
- •Being associated with a variety of elements that are in continuous change, and
- •Investigation for first principles of fixity (тұрақтылық) in the changing cycle of events
- •Development of ancient philosophy can be divided into three main periods:
- •2. Classical (Hellenistic) covers the period from 5th till 2th BC.
- •Criterion of such division is the basic problems, which were put in the
- •The basic problem of before
- •The first school, which tried to answer this question, was
- •His follower Anaximenes of Miletus considered, that firstprimary (негізгі) cause is air, because
- •His other follower
- •Next school was
- •The following doctrine was the doctrine of Heraclitus, who put in the basis
- •All things come into being by conflict of opposites, and the sum of
- •Heraclitus’ philosophy developed in ideological struggle with the Eley School doctrine. The most
- •They considered that there is no such phenomenon, as fundamental movement.
- •Zeno's paradoxes
- •Achilles and the ‘tortoise
- •The arrow paradox the flying arrow is motionless.
- •Problem of movement solved Atomists, who shared the world on two substations: emptiness
- •The second period is marked by change of the question. Henceforth (отныне) philosophers
- •He considered that cognition of man is the only condition of cognition of
- •Socrates developed his philosophy in the struggle with the Sophists
- •Attention of the Sophists had been carried from Cosmos and nature to the
- •Socrates’ follower was Plato, who considered, that everything, including the man, consists of
- •Plato also has developed the doctrine about ideas and the ideal state. Plato
- •Like Democritus, Plato spoke of the multiplicity of being. However, “being” to Plato
- •The follower of Plato Aristotle denied the Plato’s doctrine, proved, that there is
- •Aristotle’s teachings about being based on his doctrine of the categories set out
- •Categories of Aristotle is not notions, but the main features of life. These
- •In the third period the philosophers put a question on human moral existence.
- •Cynics considered that each man should adhere to the ascetic life. (Diogenes of
- •Main concept of his philosophy was autarky. Autarky is the quality of being
- •As opposed to them, hedonists considered that if a man has desires and
- •Stoics developed the doctrine of stoic sage (данышпан), who is not afraid of
- •Representatives of the Stoics school:
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