Required Reading

O b l i g a t o r y :

1. Arnold I.V. The English Word. – M., 1973, pp. 248-256.

2. Ginzburg R.S. et al. A Course in Modern English Lexicology. – M., 1979, pp. 160-175.

3. Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка: Учебник для студ. пед. ин-тов по спец. № 2103 «Иностр. яз.». – М.: Высшая школа, 1985, C. 34-59.

4. Верба Л.Г. Порівняльна лексикологія англійської та української мов. – Нова книга,2003,с. 120-124

5. Ніколенко А.Г. Лексикологія англійської мови. – Нова книга, 2007.

O p t i o n a l :

1. Aмосова Н.Н. Этимологические основы словарного состава современного английского языка. М., 1956.

2. Арбекова Т.И. Лексикология английского языка (Практический курс). М., 1977, С. 143-154.

3. Английская лексикология в выдержках и извлечениях. Пособие для студентов пед. ин-тов (на англ. яз.). – 2-е изд. – Л.: Просвещение, 1975, pp.172-192.

4. Мостовий М.І. Лексикологія англійської мови. – Х., 1993, C. 151-174.

5. Раєвська Н.М. English Lexicology. – K., 1971, C. 223-280.

6. Секирин В.П. Заимствования в английском языке. М.

Tasks and Exercises

1. Subdivide all the following words of native origin into a) Indo-European, b) Germanic, c) English proper.

Daughter, woman, room, land, cow, moon, sea, red, spring, three, I, lady, always, goose, bear, fox, lord, tree, nose, birch, grey, old, glad, daisy, heart, hand, night, to eat, to see, to make.

2. Below are given some etymological data for several everyday English words. Study their origins and meanings (in dictionaries). From what language do you think each of them was actually borrowed? What was the immediate source of borrowing?

BEAUTY n ME beaute OF from L ‘pretty’

CHARACTER n ME caracter OF caractere L Gr charakter ‘stamp, impress’

DEMAND v OF demander L (de)mandare ‘order’

DOUBLE a ME OF L duplus (duo ‘two’)

DOUBT v ME OF doute L dubitare ‘doubt’

MEDDLE v ME OF Rom L miscere ‘mix’

PLANE n IT L planus ‘flat’

PLEASE v ME plaise OF plaisir L placere ‘please, placate’

PLEASURE n ME plesir OF plaisir

REDUCE n ME L (re)ducere (duct ‘bring’)

SENTIMENT n ME OF med L sentimentum (L sentire ‘feel’)

UMBRELLA n IT ombrella (dim.of ombra ‘shade’) L umbra ‘shade’

3. State from what languages the following words are borrowed. Comment on their meaning.

Alarm, algebra, anchor, artel, banana, bandura, cannibal, canoe, caravan, cargo, chimpanzee, chocolate, cocoa, colonel, czar, devil, dollar, gorilla, guerilla, hopak, jungle, kangaroo, kindergarten, khaki, law, lilac, machine, maize, mazurka, mule, nun, opera, pagoda, piano, potato, school, skipper, squaw, steppe, tobacco, taboo, tomato, umbrella, verandah, verst, vanilla, violin, waltz, wigwam, zinc.

4. Explain the etymology of the following words. Write them out in three columns: a) fully assimilated words; b) partially assimilated words; c) unassimilated words. Explain the reasons for your choice in each case.

Pen, hors d’oeuvre, ballet, beet, butter, skin, take, cup, police, distance, monk, garage, phenomenon, wine, large, justice, lesson, criterion, nice, coup d’etat, sequence, gay, port, river, loose, autumn, low, uncle, law, convenient, lunar, experiment, skirt, bishop, regime, eau-de-Cologne, act, aim, arm, art, ball, bank, baron, beauty, beef, bon mot, branch, brilliant, butcher, capital, captain, chauffeur, city, close, colleague, command, commence, count, courage, crime, cry, decide, degree, delight, emperor, employee, etiquette, exposure, face, fatigue, finance, foyer, fruit, gazette, genre, honour, hour, legal, leisure, machine, measure, minister, monsieur, mutton, naive, nation, office, pass, pleasure, poet, restore.

5. Mind the following translation-loans. State the language they came from.

Blitzkrieg, bon mot, collective farm, Sisyphean labour, coup d’etat, enfant terrible, kindergarten, leitmotiv, persona grata, prima donna, swan-song, tete-a-tete, Fatherland, blue-stocking, the fair sex, wonder child, heel of Achilles, the moment of truth, mother tongue, Procrustean bed, five-year plan, masterpiece, sword of Damocles.

6. Using a dictionary compare the meaning of the following pairs of words and explain why they are called ‘etymological doublets’.

Abridge – abbreviate, artist – artiste, captain – chieftain, card – chart, cavalry – chivalry, catch – chase, corps – corpse, canal – channel, gage – wage, hale– whole, hotel – hospital, legal – loyal, liquor – liqueur, of – off, pauper – poor, raise – rear, rout – route, senior – sir, scar – share, skirt – shirt, shadow – shade, suit – suite, salon – saloon, .

7. Comment on international words. Arrange the following international words into groups taking into account the sphere of life and man’s activities they refer to: a) scientific, b) cultural, c) technical, d) political.

Motor, sputnik, concert, constitution, evolution, phonetics, drama, parliament, decree, telegraph, meeting, pact, melody, history, lecture, republic, tractor, allegro, revolution, radio, dialectics, formula, gas, nylon, sport, club, bank, comedy, materialism, opera, jazz, civil, lyric, stadium, poet, analysis, cybernetics, satellite, rector, idea, film, electron, biology, idealism, robot, computer, printer.