Linear communication model.

Linear communication is one way communication like TV, a book, or magazine ad, where no immediate feedback is possible.

Interactional communication model.

Interactional communication is two way communication like in telephone conversation or IM where messages are sent and received one at a time.

Transactional communication model.

Transactional models depict face to face communication where verbal and nonverbal messages can be sent and received at the same time.

3. Checking comprehension questions.

1. What does human communication consist of?

2. What are they effected by?

3. What factors does the background area include?

4. What is communication impossible without?

5. When do communicators communicate easy?

6. What do we call the environment in which communication takes place? What does it consist of?

7. What do we call the vehicle or medium through which the message travels?

8. When there is no communication?

9. Why is decoding of the message necessary?

10. Which factors make communication not easy?

11. How can one eliminate these factors?

12. Which models of communication is/are the most efficient and why?

4. Make an extended summary of the information on the process of communication.

5. Individual study issues:

• Components of nonverbal communication in different cultures.

• Barriers to communication and how to overcome them.

Terms.

Field of experience. Background Context Sending Receiving Message Channel Decode Encode Meaning

Process Transmit Perceive Feedback Noise Linear Interactional Transactional System

Written communication in business

Fill in the gaps in the text with the phrases below.

Business communication involves exchange of information within an organizational setup. It is a continuous process. The more the business expands, the greater is the pressure on the business to find more effective means of communication both with the employees and with the society at large. (1) ________ But written communication is a very important aspect of business communication. It is important to fix accountability and responsibility of people in organization. (2) ________ . Everything should be communicated in written by the manager to the people in the organization. Written messages can be saved for future references and cannot be denied.

(3) ________ preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Speech came before writing. (4) ________. Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order in sentences formation as well as cohesive (interconnected) composition of sentences. Also, writing is more valid (convincing) and reliable than speech. But while speech is spontaneous, writing causes delay and takes time as feedback is not immediate.

Business Communication is a permanent means of communication and is (5) ________ oral means of communication. Good written communication contributes to success of an organization. (6) ________ Written business communication includes - letters, memoranda, agenda, manuals, reports etc.

1. Business Letters: (7) ________ . The content of the letter should be clear in mind of the writer. The letter must be divided into paragraphs. It must have subject written and should be enclosed in an envelope. It should be surely used for future reference. It should be carefully written as it has an impact on goodwill of the organization. Examples of Business letters are - sales letters, information letters, problem letters etc.

2. Memoranda: Memos are generally short means of written communication within an organization. (8) ________ .

3. Reports: A report is prepared after lot of investigation (study). Whatever observations are made, an account of them is written in the report. Reports are important for analyzing the performance of the organization. (9) ________

4. Agenda: Agenda is an outline about all the contents of the meeting. (10) ________ While designing an agenda one should be very specific. Designing an agenda beforehand helps the people to come prepared for the meeting.

1. Business communication is both written as well as oral.

2. Effective written communication is essential for …

3. This requires more of written communication (much of paper work).

4. But writing is more unique and formal than speech.

5. It helps in building goodwill of an organization.

6. They are used to convey specific information to the people within an organization.

7. It must have a good appealing layout.

8. much easier understanding than…

9. It helps in taking important decisions within an organization.

10. It tells what is the purpose of the meeting and where are the participants heading.

Comprehension questions.

1. Why is written communication very important for business?

2. How does writing differ from oral communication in business?

3. Which communication – oral or written is easier to understand and why?

4. What parts does a business letter contain?

5. What is necessary to prepare a good business report?

6. What ‘s the objective of an agenda?

Find in the text the words that have the following meaning.

to include or contain as a necessary part

responsibility

tending to stick together; unified

having some foundation; based on truth: suitable

to put off to a later time; defer

existing or intended to exist for an indefinite period; lasting

the medium, method, or instrument used to obtain a result or achieve an end

detailed examination of phenomena prior to analysis, diagnosis, or interpretation

a preliminary or schematic plan, draft, account; sketch

Quiz.

1. Linear communication includes feedback.

 True

 False

2. Channel refers to the physical setting of the communication exchange.

 True

 False

3. Context can include relational and situational dimensions.

 True

 False

4. Meaning is in the message user.

 True

 False

5. The process of creating language from meaning is called

 encoding

 decoding

 transmission

 channeling

6. The communicator’s background influences include which of the following?

 context

 channel

 noise

 culture

7. Noise can be internal, external, semantic.

 True

 False

8. Interactional communication includes newspapers, books and TV.

 True

 False

9. Messages can be transmitted both verbally and non-verbally.

 True

 False

10. Communicators obtain feedback to ensure the message was received.

 True

 False

involve to include or contain as a necessary part

accountability responsibility

cohesive tending to stick together; unified

valid having some foundation; based on truth: suitable

delay to put off to a later time; defer

permanent existing or intended to exist for an indefinite period; lasting

means the medium, method, or instrument used to obtain a result or achieve an end

observation detailed examination of phenomena prior to analysis, diagnosis, or interpretation

outline a preliminary or schematic plan, draft, account; sketch