Приложение 1.
Australia is a land like no other, with about one million different native species. More than 80 per cent of the country’s flowering plants, mammals, reptiles and frogs are unique to Australia, along with most of its fresh-water fish and almost half of its birds.
Australia’s marine environment is home to 4000 fish species, 1700 coral species, 50 types of marine mammal and a wide range of sea-birds. Most marine species found in southern Australian waters occur nowhere else.
In Australia there are more than 378 species of mammals, 828 species of birds, 300 species of lizards, 140 species of snakes and two species of crocodiles. Of the mammals, almost half are marsupials. The rest are either placental mammals or mo-notremes.
Among Australia’s best-known animals are the kangaroo, koala, echidna, dingo, platypus, wallaby and wombat.
Australia’s diverse oceans support around 4000 of the world’s 22 000 types of fish, as well as 30 of the world’s 58 sea grass species. Australia is also home to the world’s largest coral reef system, the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef.
Marine species of note include the predatory great white shark, which grows up to six metres in length; the giant filter-feeding whale shark, which can reach lengths of 12 metres; the bluebottle or Portuguese man-of-war, which is a common hazard at many Australian beaches; and the box jellyfish, which is one of the most venomous animals in the world.
True- false.
Australis is unlike the other continents. (-)
There are a lot of unique animals in Australia. (+)
Most marine species found in the other parts of the world. (-)
The best-known Australian animals are mice, rabbits. (-)
Great Barrier Reef is near India. (-)
The box jellyfish is the most venomous animals in the world.(+)
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Приложение 2- «Jigsaw reading»
Canberra – is the capital city of Australia. With a population of over 312,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth largest Australian city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).
The highest point is Mount Majura at 888 metres (2,913 ft). Other large hills include Mt Taylor, Mt Ainslie, Mt Mugga Mugga and Black Mountain. The surrounding bush land and the original bush land that Canberra was built in is a mixture of eucalyptus savanna, open grassland, scrubland, swamp and dry eucalyptus forests.
Canberra has a marine west coastal climate with four distinct seasons. Canberra experiences hot, quite dry summers, and cold winters with heavy fog and frequent frosts, with a rare spot of snow in the CBD but the surrounding areas get annual snowfall through winter and often the snow capped mountains can be seen from the CBD.
Melbourne – is the capital of state Victoria (population in state - 4645000), the second largest city in Australia.
You’ll enjoy traveling around Melbourne on the City Circle Tram. It runs every 10 minutes from 10. a.m. till 6 p.m. While you are sitting on the tram, the conductor will point out the most interesting sights in Melbourne.
Melbourne- is a very multicultural city. Over a quarter of the population was born overseas. It is home to many cultural groups, speaking 170 languages. It is one of the largest Greek and Italian populations in the world. Population of about 1,100,000.
Melbourne enjoys four distinct seasons. Winter with cool night; spring and autumn are delightful. Warm summer. Geologically, it is built on the confluence of Quaternary lava flows.
Sydney is the capital of New South Wales (population in state – 6372000). Australia’s oldest, largest and industrial city. Nearly a quarter of all Australians live here. Population of about 4,340,000 and growing.
T
he
City of Sydney has a soothing and pleasant climate with warm summers
and cool winters. The city does not generally experience extremes of
temperature differences but it can only occur under the influence of
El Nino current and sudden hailstorms. Bushfires are a major problem
in the outskirts of the city, especially during the summer season.
The city is also considerably affected by the oceanic influences.
The City of Sydney is bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east, by Blue Mountains in the west, Hawkesbury River in the north and Woronora plateau in the south. The City of Sydney is known for its wonderful beaches and coastal areas. There are more than seventy harbor areas in the Sydney urban area and Sydney Harbor is the largest natural harbor in the world.
Adelaide-
the
capital of South
Australia
(population in state 1467000),
was
planned in 1836, by surveyor Colonel William Light. The city centre
has a grid of wide streets and various squares all within 1 square
mile. This centre is surrounded by a green belt of 930 hectares of
parkland.. The main street, King William Street, runs from north to
south through Victoria Square at the heart of the city. The climate
is Mediterranean - with hot, dry summers and cool, mild winters. The
average winter temperature is around 15C; average for summer is 29C.
The Torrens River runs through the centre, separating Adelaide and
North Adelaide. The city is surrounded by diverse landscapes,
including the Mount Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills) and coastal
beaches. Population
of about 1,100,000.
Brisbane - is the state capital of Queensland (population in state- 3655000) and its most populous city. It is also the third most populous city in Australia, behind southern rivals Sydney and Melbourne. The city is situated on the Brisbane River on a low-lying floodplain between Moreton Bay and the Great Dividing Range in Queensland. The city of Brisbane is hilly. Brisbane has a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and dry, mild winters. Tropical climate makes it a year-round vacation place. Population of about 1,400,000.
Darwin, named after the famous naturalist, Charles Darwin, is Australia's most northernmost state capital-( North Territory-population 211000). Its tropical climate and proximity to Australia's northern neighbours has attracted many Asian immigrants, which in turn has helped turn this once rough-and-ready frontier town into a multi-cultural city beside the sea. Population of about 70,000. Darwin is dominated by two distinct seasons. The wet season, known locally as ‘The Wet', runs roughly from early November to the end of March, and the dry season, or ‘The Dry', which generally lasts from April to October. Darwin is the ‘gateway' to the world-famous Kakadu National Park, the gorgeous Litchfield National Park, dramatic Katherine Gorge, and the red crags of the Kimberley region.
Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania (population of state of Tasmania is 457000). Founded in 1803 as a penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. The city is the financial and administrative heart of Tasmania, and also serves as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations.Population of about 200,000. Hobart has a mild temperate oceanic climate with four distinct seasons. The highest maximum temperature recorded was 40.8°C on 4 January 1976 and the lowest minimum was -2.8°C on 25 June 1972. The city rarely receives snow during winter, the adjacent Mount Wellington is often seen with a covering. Unseasonal mountain snow covering has been known to occur during all seasons. Though snow is unusual in general at sea level in Australia, Hobart has most probably had the most sea level snowfalls out of any State Capital, though Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide have also recorded snow.
Perth - is the capital of state of Western Australia (population in state is 1851000). Population of about 200,000. Perth ranks fourth amongst the nation's cities, with a growth rate consistently above the national average. Perth is one of the most isolated metropolitan areas on Earth. The nearest city to Perth with a population over 1 million is Adelaide in South Australia, which is 2,104 kilometers (1,307 mi) away.
Perth is set on the Swan River. The city centre and most of the suburbs are located on the sandy and relatively flat Swan Coastal Plain, which lies between the Darling Scarp and the Indian Ocean. The soils of this area are quite infertile. Summers are generally hot and dry, lasting from late December to late March, with February generally being the hottest month of the year, making Perth a classic example of a Mediterranean climate. Winters are relatively cool and wet, with most of Perth's annual rainfall falling between May and September.
