Question card № 3

1. Sak tribal unity (location, economy, culture, social organization).

Three groups of Saks: Saks-haomavarga, inhabited valley Murgab, Saki-tigrahauda, «in pointed hats», lived in the foothills of Tien Shan, and Saki-paradrayya, «which are beyond the sea (Caspian) », who were living in the Aral Sea basin in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya. Economy. Cattle breeding dominates in the economy of Saks in conjunction with farming. Mixed type of mixed economy and way of life: sedentary-nomadic. The main types of cattle were a horse, sheep and camels. Horse-breeding was one of the most important type of cattle-breeding. In the steppe areas of Western and Southern Kazakhstan camel-breeding was developed. High level of development reached Industry and Trades related to mining and metal processing. Saki had trade relations with the peoples of the Altai, Siberia, Europe and the East. Culture. Saki worshiped the forces of Nature - the sun, wind, lightning, thunder. They had distributed the cult of Mithra. The main component in the art was «savage style». Social organization. Saks tribes join into unions. Type of organization - a military democracy. At the head of tribal alliances were of paramount chiefs, who were called kings. The kings are elected by the Council of Chiefs. Critical cases were discussed at the People's Assembly. Although moved by patriarchy, Saks women had greater rights. They are on equal terms with men involved in wars and had to be paramount chiefs. Among Saks developed property inequality. The company emerged 3 groups: warriors, priests, obschinniki (shepherds and farmers). The prisoners were turned into slaves.

2. The impact of Russian revolution of 1905-1905 years on Kazakhstan.

Revolution in Russia (1905-1907 gg.) Gave the first impetus to the political awakening of workers in Kazakhstan, the development of the national liberation movements working against oppression. Two directions: a pan-Islamist, traditionalist Islamic movement linked to Central Asia, the support of the clergy and a national intelligence, 2. pan-Turkic, modernist ideas of the Turkic-Muslim unity, the support of intellectuals and young Kazakh bourgeoisie. Ambiguous attitude to events in Russia. In the movements of Kazakhstan took part industrial and urban workers. Agrarian Movement - aulsand villages, some isolated peasant speech. The movement brings together all social classes. All traffic associated with the Russian developments, a strike at mines, factories. More on the rail. The emergence of the party, has conducted outreach to workers, the emergence of Marxist groups. The beginning of the trade union movement in the province. Large union workers Orenburg-Tashkent railway. In the main weakness of the labor movement (retardation edges). Unrest among the indigenous and the relocated population.

Question card № 4

1. Huns in the history of Central Asia (location, economy, social organization, political history).

Location From the lower reaches of the Don to the Urals, the steppes to the north-east of China. economy. Wayof life nomadic. Facilities - a natural. Communication device. The Head of State - shanyuy, whose power was strictly hereditary. The hierarchy of genera and tribes played in public gunnskom your great rol.Vysshie after shanyuya person in the state left and right (ie West and East) «wise princes» were his sons or close relatives. They ruled the western and eastern territories of the empire and at the same time, commanded the left and right wing of the army. Below them there were other eodichi shanyuya, driving a certain area, they all wore different titles and were called «chiefs over ten thousand horsemen» (ie Temnikov). Their number was strictly fixed: 24 senior military, distributed between the left and right wing forces, the western and eastern part of the empire. That or my post was, depending on the degree of kinship with shanyuem. Temnikov appointed himself prince. He also allocated to each subject Temnikov territory along with the population residing in the territory. Any movement of the tribes, without order shanyuya strictly forbidden. Political history. Shanyuy Maodun adopted its impact on the huge territory-from Dzhungarii to East Turkistan, on the Great Wall of China - to oz.Baykal. Hunnu waged fierce battle with the Chinese. In 60 BC They ceded the Chinese influence in the western province, will soon split into north and south. North defeated the South and led by Chzhichzhi-shanyuem, went on a camping trip to the West, defeated usunyam entered into an alliance with kangyuyami and came to the area of middle Syr Darya. Remaining in the territory of Mongolia and Dzhungarii hunny become dependent on China and the local wars fought with usunyami and other neighbors. In 1v.n.e. hunnu finally been broken down by Chinese troops.