Question card № 23

1. Ethnogenesis of a Kazakh people. The origin of the ethno name ‘Kazakh’.

Kazakhs - the people of Turkic origin, belong to the Turan (Mongoloid - Caucasoid origin) type of races. The structure rodo-tribal associations Naiman, uysuni, Dulat, kanly, Alash Alba, argyny, konyraty, kypchaki, kyzylkurty, sherkeshi, uaki, alimuly, adai, Berisha, etc.). As a whole ethnographic Kazakhs emerged in the XV century. Ancestors of Kazakhs are:, the ancient Turks, kangly, kypchaki assimilated and Mongolian tribes. Also, ethnic Kazakhs have played the role of Arab, Islamic missionaries, mostly descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who came to Central Asia in the Middle Ages.

Ethnonym «Kazakh» established in respect of the nomadic people in the XV century. Part of the Turkic tribes that were part of the Uzbek khanate (fraction dissolved Golden Horde), under the sultans and Zhanibek Kereya in 1460, rebelled against the oppression Abulhayra Khan, moved from the banks of the Syr Darya in the west Semirechje (Zhetysu), in the River Chew. These tribes began to call themselves «Kazak». During the century under the name obedinilis all the Turkic-speaking nomadic tribes of East Desht-and-Kipchak. In translation from the ancient word «Kazakhstan» is translated as «free», «free», «seceded people», «brave, freedom-loving people», «remove warriors».

2. The strengthening of the authoritarian-beaurocratic system of the social management in 1970-1080ss years. The events in Akmola in 1979 year.

In 1964-1982 he was Secretary-General of the CPSU Central Committee was LI Brezhnev, and in Kazakhstan - the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan - DA Kuhn (1964 1986g.g.). A characteristic feature of this period was «stagnation in the upper echelons of power»: in the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee composed of the elderly, the meetings were held for 30-40 minutes, the solutions tend to be pre-prepared and adopted unanimously. These methods work copied at all levels of the party-state apparatus. In the 70-80-ies enhancement occurs in authoritarian-bureaucratic system: a growing bumagooborot (all kinds of records, certificates, instructions), there is a discrepancy between word and deed, the absence of criticism. As a result, in a society to accumulate unresolved issues. In 1971 was adopted "the concept of developed socialism", which highlighted the achievements of the country (doubling the economic potential, leveled the proportion of urban and rural population, etc.), «the advantages of socialism», the national attitude was perfect and smooth. Soviet propaganda claimed that the Soviet Union in a new historical community of people - the Soviet people, Kazakhstan called «Republic hundred languages». As a national policy issue is not openly displayed, but decreasing the scope of the Kazakh language, forget national traditions, to reduce the number of national schools. In 60 years there was one of the first informal association of Kazakh youth - «Zhas Tulpar». His work was supervised by the KGB. A manifestation of growing controversy in the national relations have been developments in the summer of 1979 Tselinograd, which were against the decision on the establishment of the German autonomous region in Kazakhstan.