2. The political development of Kazakhstan in 1950-1960ss years.

After Stalin's death (March 5, 1953) in the party-state apparatus began fierce rivalry for power. The country has become a rule triumvairat: N. Khrushchev, G. Malenkov, Beria L. .. Jun 26, 1953 L. Beria was arrested and soon executed. Became the formal leader G. Malenkov. But after the conviction «factional activities antipartiynoy Group» Molotov-Kaganovich-Malenkova first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee was the NS Khrushchev. At the XXth Congress of the CPSU in 1956, he made a report on the personality cult of Stalin and later tried to build safeguards against the repetition of a cult. Therefore, this period was called "Khrushchev thaw". But even renounced Stalinism, the system remained totalitarian-antipravovoy, administrative command. Emerging scrapping the authoritarian system was not brought to an end. Thousands of innocents continued to sit in the camps. Ignored history. Analysis of the economic backwardness suppressed. People are pointing to the vices of society, persecuted. Approach to reform on the basis of past policies did not justify itself. The militarization of the economy, poor organization of the system. The negative impact on the environment - in the 1948 nuclear test. The first test in August 1949. 50 th - stagnation. February 1954 - Shayahmetov replaced Ponamorenko, secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Brezhnev. 1957-58 exposing Stalin's personality cult. Increasing food problems, discontent people. August 1959 - riots in Temirtau (socio-economic crisis). The process of Russification, the prohibition of the Kazakh language. In October 1964, the Plenum of the Central Committee was held, at which NS Khrushchev accused of voluntarism and subjectivism and released from the post of first secretary, came to power LI Brezhnev (1964 1982у.у.)

Question card № 20

1. The formation of the state of White Horde and Mughulistan (political history, social organization).

Ak Orda - the first major state in the territory of Kazakhstan in poslemongolskoe time. At the head of the Ak Orda Khan was a sort of Ordan - Edzhen. In the middle of the XIV century - Ak Orda became an independent state out of the "Golden Horde", but when Urus Khan Ak Orda stronger and took the fight with Amir Timur. Capital Ak Orda - Sygnak. Ak Orda lived Turkic-speaking tribes. 1379 - Authorities in the Ak Horde invaded stavennik Timur - Taktamysh, who took advantage of the defeat of armies The Golden Horde ", under the leadership of Dmitry Donskoy Mamaia in Kulikovo battle in 1380 and captured vlost in the" Golden Horde "in 1382 - Taktamysh burned Moscow. 1389, 1391, 1395 biennium. - Timur's campaigns against the "Golden Horde" The causes of weakening Ak Orda - hiking Tamerlane. Last Khan Ak Orda - arrack (1423-28 biennium. - Government) in the first half of XV century, collapsed at the Ak Orda: Nogai Khanate Abulkhair Ordu. By the middle of XV century, ceased to exist.

Mogulistan In the XIII century formed the state of descendants Chagotaya. In the first half of XIII century - was a rebellion against the Mongols Taraba. In the middle of XIV century, the State Chagotaya (Hajdu) - disintegrated, and there Mogulistan (1348) in Semirechye. Founded Mogulistan Duglatov tribe, led by Amir Kuladchi. The first khan Mogulistana - Toglug Timur. Khan - the political head and supreme proprietor Zamel. Khan helped ulusbek.

Capital Mogulistana - Amshalyk. Information about the history contained in the Labor Mogulistana Muhammad Taydara «Tarikhi Rachad» After the victory over Ak horde Tamirlan went to Mogulistan, after which Mogulistan weakened. In the first quarter of XV century, when Muhammad Khan Mogulistan became independent from Timurids. Ruler Mogulistana Weiss Khan fought with Oyrat. At the beginning of the XVI century. (1514) - Mogulistan apart.

2. Social-economic development of Kazakhstan in 1950-1960ss years.

In 50-60-ies a number of changes due to overdue needs of society. But the reforms dealt with, mainly administrative staff, there was an element of spontaneity, they carried out the traditional administrative-bureaucratic methods. In 1957 a law was passed on the administration of industry and construction, under which were set up sovnarhozy. The meaning of reform to replace sectoral management area. In Kazakhstan, was created 9 administrative regions, which consisted of about 2 thousand. Shortly sovnarhozy accused of "localism" - their interests have clashed with the interests of the center - and sovnarhozov refused. From 1966 began the transition to self-sufficiency. In the field of industry to reduce the number of reported indicators introduced indicator of sales, companies set up funds of material incentive. In the field of agriculture imposed a five-year plans, increased prices on excess production. In Kazakhstan for 1970 to the new system, 84% of enterprises. The volume of industrial production for the years 1966-1970 increased in 1.6 times. Even the efficiency of production. During the eighth five-year period (1966-1970 years) economic complex has reached the highest since the introduction of planned economy indicators. But gradually the rate of growth began to decline, increasing strain, the imbalances in the economy of Kazakhstan. The reasons for the failure of the reform economists call the weakness of scientific approaches to their design, conservatism administrative-command system, and that reform is not based on a broad democratic reforms.