Question card № 17

1. The development of culture and science in VI – XII centuries (Abu Nasyr al-Farabi, Balasaguni, u. Kazhgari, m. Khodzha Akhmed Yassaui).

Al-Farabi. Came from a Turkish military aristocracy. Author comments to the works of Aristotle (hence his nickname honorary «Second teacher»), and Plato. Philosophy. According to his teachings, what is distributed over six levels, beginning of the causes and consequences. A number of social and ethical treatises of al-Farabi is dedicated to the teachings of society Based on the political and ethical ideas of Greek philosophers, especially Plato and Aristotle, and using the social ideas of ancient East, al-Farabi developed a theory of harmonious society.

Music. Its main work in this area is the «more books about music», which is an essential source of information about the music of East and ancient musical system. In this book Farabi gives a detailed definition of music, revealing its category, describes the elements of which are formed by a piece of music. Mathematics and astronomy. Al-Farabi was the commentary on the works of Euclid and Ptolemy. He is the «Guide on geometric construction», «Treatise on reliable and unreliable at sentencing stars». Also involved in the natural sciences, philology, literature.

Yusuf Balasaguni - Central writer. He lived in the XI century in the State Karahanidov. At the age of 50 years, he completed the poem «Kutadgu Bilig» ( «Knowing the grace» or «Science of Happiness») and presented its governor Kashgar, which was awarded the title «Hass Hajibi». «Kutadgu Bilig» - the first work written in the language of the ancient Turks and fully preserved. Many Turkic-speaking peoples on the right may be the origin of this work, or the first masterpiece of its written literature.

Mahmoud Kashgari - Turkic scholar from Kashgar. The famous book of Mahmoud Kashgari Diwan lugat al-Turk "is a Turkic encyclopedia in the full sense of the word. It was collected and compiled extensive historical-cultural, ethnographic and linguistic materials. "Diwan" Kashgari - a monument of Turkic culture, zapechatlevshy ethical values and norms of behavior, a specific vision of Turkic peoples in the XI century., Absorbed all the previous legacy of ancestors. In the book, along with the ancient Zoroastrian shamanistskim miropredstavleniem-show elements of a new ideology - Islam and its branches such as Sufism.

Khoja Ahmed Yassaui - Sufi poet, one of the first Sufi mystics in the Turkic world. His biography is not reliably known, but it there are many legends. His father, Ibrahim died when he was a boy and his family moved to the city of Iasi (modern Turkestan). There he became a disciple of Arslan Baba. When his teacher died, he went to Bukhara and became a disciple Yusuf Hamadani. When he returned to Iasi, the city became an important center of culture and teachings in the Kazakh steppes. He decided to withdraw from the world at the age of the Prophet Mohammed in 63 years imprisoned in a cell in the basement until the end of his days, because he believes no one should be above the Prophet Mohammed and therefore it is as a man dedicated the teachings of Islam can no longer see the sun.

Mausoleum of Hodja Ahmed Yassavi was built on the site of his tomb Timur in recognition, as well as a political step aimed at strengthening its position among Stepnyak-nomads.