Вариант 1

I. Перепишите предложения, выбрав подходящий модальный глагол. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Example: These samples (may/ have to/ is to) be chosen deliberately. – Эти образцы могут быть отобраны (можно отобрать) произвольно.

1. There are several ways a digital or analog signal (may/ must/ had better) be transmitted, including coaxial and fiber-optic cables.

2. For the first time, a signal (should/ have to/ could) be sent faster than any other mode of transportation.

3. Laser beams (have to/ may/ might) ultimately replace cables in telecommunications.

4. He (is not able/ mustn’t/ couldn’t) to complete this work himself.

II. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните слова, которые выражены Participle I, Participle II или Gerund, указав, чем они являются (из вышеназванных). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Example: There are several ways of obtaining this substance. (Gerund) – Существует несколько способов получения этого вещества.

1. Einstein didn’t enjoy talking very much; in fact, he waited till he was three before he started to talk.

2. When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups.

3. New technologies reduce the number of workers needed.

4. Some of the first communications satellites were designed to operate in a passive mode.

III. Перепишите предложения, выбрав подходящие по смыслу видовременные формы глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите время и залог выбранных форм глаголов.

Example: The engineer was asked/ asked to test the device. (Past Simple, Passive Voice) – Инженера попросили испытать механизм.

1. The professor describe/ has described achievements in robotics to his students.

2. The new engine is testing/ is being tested in the laboratory now.

3. Our industry will introduce/ will be introduced complex robots with minicomputers into production in the future.

4. The students allowed/ were allowed to watch a new robot model in operation.

IV. Определите глаголы-сказуемые в предложениях. Перепишите предложения, преобразуя глаголы-сказуемые из активного в пассивный залоги, сохраняя временные формы глаголов. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Example: A.S. Popov invented the radio in 1895. – The radio was invented by A.S. Popov in 1895. – Радио было изобретено А.С. Поповым в 1895 году.

1. The technician was testing a new device from 11 till 12 yesterday.

2. Computers will find wide applications in different branches of engineering soon.

3. Lasers use the properties of bound electrons.

4. Scientists have made a lot of important developments in technology over the last 10 years.

V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения.

Example: We understand that this problem must be solved. – Мы понимаем, что эту задачу надо решить.

1. Experiments show that there is very little attraction between the molecules of any gas.

2. Students asked the teacher what amplifiers were called linear.

3. This is the laboratory which we attend twice a week.

4. A number whose value is to be found is called an unknown number.