2.2 Economic sphere

Today, France is in an economically difficult period. The massive influx of immigrants, the content of their families indirectly, is becoming another burden to French taxpayers, further complicating the socio-economic situation in the country. Thus, according to the laws of France, illegal immigrants have the right to send their children to school or daycare center (in this case they are given permission in the City hall without specifying their status). A foreigner has the right to have them together to obtain a residence permit and their size is proportional to the number of children. Medical insurance is issued to almost all foreigners. It is sufficient to produce a document on the availability of housing and a certificate from the Prefecture of waiting residence. A foreigner must pay taxes, regardless of citizenship or residency rights, as soon as he begins to get paid. Naturally, working illegally, he does not pay any taxes.

Today the population of France is more than 65 million people and approximately 10 percent of the population is immigrants. The amount of the immigrants’ income in France is 60.3 billion euros a year, and expenses in the form of various government grants, entitlements and subsidies are 47.9 billion euros, thus having 12.4 billion euros of the positive balance. Immigrants annually pay 3.4 billion euros in income tax, 18.4 billion of value added tax; and social contributions to the government of France by immigrants make up 26.4 billion euros a year. Also, the state pays pensions to immigrants in the amount of 16.3 billion, unemployment payments are 5 billion, and payments for the treatment reach the sum of 11.5 billion euros a year. (Vadim Parfenov, 10.02.11, L'Observateur russe)

A few years ago the French National Assembly adopted an immigration law that tightened access for nationals of the countries of “the Third World’. Paris has adopted the concept of "chosen" immigration and gave the green light to a highly educated professionals, academics, and students and representatives of creative professions. According to authorities, it was a fair and realistic approach to immigration in general.

These data proves that French model of integration is not perfect, and in economic sphere it does not solve problems.

2.3 Social sphere The school has always been a key mechanism in the French model of integration. For the first time learning the language of the country of origin was introduced in the public schools in 1973. The problem of the school in the "ghetto" remains one of the most acute ones. The French have to leave for private schools in the areas where children from “problem areas” dominate. A number of "European classes" appears and is growing as opposed to "ethnic". Along with the "ghettos" for the poor there are "ghetto" for the rich seeking to relocate to one or another area where children could attend better schools.

Low level of education does not allow immigrants and their children to do work that requires high skills and, as a rule, they are employed in the sectors with the use of manual labour, municipal services etc. In 1998 the government proposed to reduce the list of professions that are legally forbidden for foreigners. Sociological studies indicate that the young people of the North African origin are 2,5 times more likely to be unemployed than young native French and it does not matter what their educational level is. Another burning problem is discrimination. Discriminatory practices against the population of the North African origin are based on racial or religious bias. The French population is characterized by the position in which the relative tolerance towards immigrants and foreigners at the same time is combined with an extremely negative attitude to immigration.

Almost 47% of French people believe that there are too many immigrants, explaining such a response by high unemployment in the country, the cost of social services, housing and safety issues. The consequence of xenophobia is everyday discrimination of the population of Maghreb in housing and leisure, the labour market, in the media, by the police, as well as racist threats and attacks, the number of which has increased against the background of the urban riots in 2005. (Sylvain Brouard and Vincent Tiberj, 2007, page 5, table 1)

The forms of discrimination include the spread of misconceptions of the population of the North African origin in the media, engaged by writing about "Muslim extremism" and "Arab threat".

The recognition of Islam as an integral part of the French reality has been mixed. In the short term, we can speak about the rise of Islamophobia, which were influenced by the attacks in 2001 in the U.S., debates over wearing Muslim headscarves in schools, the riots in 2005 in the suburbs. However, if we consider the time span of several decades, there has been a gradual recognition of the French population of Islam as a part of the country’s integrational model and agreement with the need to create the conditions for the administration of Muslim worship.

Conclusion

Я могу сделать вывод что французская модель интеграции это определенная политическая программа направленная на ассимиляцию иммигрантов во франции. Четких правил конечно у нее нет, да и те что есть постоянно меняются.

Ужесточаются иммиграционные процессы ( селектив иммигрэйшн), система образования, в прочем в каждый аспект вносятся корррективы. Это говорит о том что даже франция знаменитая своей мультикультурность не может найти ту золотую середину которая позволит иммигрантам становиться неотъемлимой частью общества.

Более того та теория которая существует относительно иммиграционной модели совершенно по другому выглядит в жизни(имплиментэйшн)

Франция безусловно получает прибыль от иммигрантов их стране, конечно и сами иммигранты живут в условиях лучше чем в их родных странах.

Французское правительство обещает равенство всех культур живущих в их стране, равенство всех людей. Но факты говорят обратное, они не имеют возможности получать достойное образование, их дискриминируют и не предлагают работу которую получают пьюэр фрэнч. Справедливости о которой идет речь не существует.

На мой взгляд, если франция и дальше хочет быть благоприятной страной для ассимиляции иммигрантов правительсту стоит поменять многие вещи. Главная цель сломать барьеры между культурами.

The French model of integration undoubtedly has its positive sites, immigrants are able to settle in the country that provides a lot of opportunities for them: education, work, medical coverage etc. But the real life implementation of the model is far from perfection.

In everyday life immigrants face a lot of discrimination from “true French” people. As it was mentioned, even Nikolas Sarkozy once said “he was going to make the suburbs of Paris clear from this rabble", talking about immigrants. Of course, it can be considered as a mistake due to emotional pressure. However, his real attitude to immigrants remains unclear.

It turns out that the ideal theoretical model has a lot of practical weaknesses. I think to match with what is written it has to acquire strict governmental regulation of all its elements. The provision of social rights, educational, working, medical and other prospects should be controlled. This will allow to improve the living conditions of immigrants.

France has had an image of a multicultural state for centuries. The whole world consider the French model of integration as one of the best and the most successful. In my opinion, the French government has to put a lot of efforts to maintain reputation.

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