
- •Features
- •Pin Configurations
- •Overview
- •Block Diagram
- •Disclaimer
- •Pin Descriptions
- •Port C (PC5..PC0)
- •PC6/RESET
- •Port D (PD7..PD0)
- •RESET
- •AVCC
- •AREF
- •AVR CPU Core
- •Introduction
- •Architectural Overview
- •Status Register
- •Stack Pointer
- •Interrupt Response Time
- •SRAM Data Memory
- •EEPROM Data Memory
- •EEPROM Read/Write Access
- •I/O Memory
- •Clock Systems and their Distribution
- •Clock Sources
- •Crystal Oscillator
- •External RC Oscillator
- •External Clock
- •Timer/Counter Oscillator
- •Idle Mode
- •Power-down Mode
- •Power-save Mode
- •Standby Mode
- •Analog Comparator
- •Brown-out Detector
- •Internal Voltage Reference
- •Watchdog Timer
- •Port Pins
- •Resetting the AVR
- •Reset Sources
- •Power-on Reset
- •External Reset
- •Brown-out Detection
- •Watchdog Reset
- •Watchdog Timer
- •Timed Sequences for Changing the Configuration of the Watchdog Timer
- •Interrupts
- •I/O Ports
- •Introduction
- •Configuring the Pin
- •Reading the Pin Value
- •Unconnected pins
- •Alternate Port Functions
- •Alternate Functions of Port B
- •Alternate Functions of Port C
- •Alternate Functions of Port D
- •Register Description for I/O Ports
- •External Interrupts
- •8-bit Timer/Counter0
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Counter Unit
- •Operation
- •Internal Clock Source
- •Prescaler Reset
- •External Clock Source
- •16-bit Timer/Counter1
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Compatibility
- •Counter Unit
- •Input Capture Unit
- •Input Capture Pin Source
- •Noise Canceler
- •Using the Input Capture Unit
- •Output Compare Units
- •Force Output Compare
- •Modes of Operation
- •Normal Mode
- •Fast PWM Mode
- •Phase Correct PWM Mode
- •8-bit Timer/Counter2 with PWM and Asynchronous Operation
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Counter Unit
- •Output Compare Unit
- •Force Output Compare
- •Modes of Operation
- •Normal Mode
- •Fast PWM Mode
- •Phase Correct PWM Mode
- •Timer/Counter Prescaler
- •SS Pin Functionality
- •Slave Mode
- •Master Mode
- •Data Modes
- •USART
- •Overview
- •Clock Generation
- •External Clock
- •Synchronous Clock Operation
- •Frame Formats
- •Parity Bit Calculation
- •USART Initialization
- •Sending Frames with 5 to 8 Data Bits
- •Sending Frames with 9 Data Bits
- •Parity Generator
- •Disabling the Transmitter
- •Receiving Frames with 5 to 8 Data Bits
- •Receiving Frames with 9 Data Bits
- •Receiver Error Flags
- •Parity Checker
- •Disabling the Receiver
- •Flushing the Receive Buffer
- •Asynchronous Data Recovery
- •Using MPCM
- •Write Access
- •Read Access
- •Two-wire Serial Interface
- •Features
- •TWI Terminology
- •Electrical Interconnection
- •Transferring Bits
- •START and STOP Conditions
- •Address Packet Format
- •Data Packet Format
- •Overview of the TWI Module
- •SCL and SDA Pins
- •Bit Rate Generator Unit
- •Bus Interface Unit
- •Address Match Unit
- •Control Unit
- •TWI Register Description
- •Using the TWI
- •Transmission Modes
- •Master Transmitter Mode
- •Master Receiver Mode
- •Slave Receiver Mode
- •Slave Transmitter Mode
- •Miscellaneous States
- •Analog Comparator
- •Analog Comparator Multiplexed Input
- •Features
- •Starting a Conversion
- •Changing Channel or Reference Selection
- •ADC Input Channels
- •ADC Voltage Reference
- •ADC Noise Canceler
- •Analog Input Circuitry
- •ADC Accuracy Definitions
- •ADC Conversion Result
- •ADLAR = 0
- •ADLAR = 1
- •Boot Loader Features
- •Application Section
- •Boot Loader Lock Bits
- •Performing a Page Write
- •Using the SPM Interrupt
- •Setting the Boot Loader Lock Bits by SPM
- •Reading the Fuse and Lock Bits from Software
- •Preventing Flash Corruption
- •Simple Assembly Code Example for a Boot Loader
- •Fuse Bits
- •Latching of Fuses
- •Signature Bytes
- •Calibration Byte
- •Page Size
- •Signal Names
- •Parallel Programming
- •Enter Programming Mode
- •Chip Erase
- •Programming the Flash
- •Programming the EEPROM
- •Reading the Flash
- •Reading the EEPROM
- •Programming the Lock Bits
- •Reading the Signature Bytes
- •Reading the Calibration Byte
- •Serial Downloading
- •Data Polling Flash
- •Data Polling EEPROM
- •Electrical Characteristics
- •Absolute Maximum Ratings*
- •DC Characteristics
- •External Clock Drive Waveforms
- •External Clock Drive
- •Two-wire Serial Interface Characteristics
- •ADC Characteristics
- •Active Supply Current
- •Idle Supply Current
- •Power-down Supply Current
- •Power-save Supply Current
- •Standby Supply Current
- •Pin Pull-up
- •Pin Driver Strength
- •Internal Oscillator Speed
- •Register Summary
- •Instruction Set Summary
- •Ordering Information
- •Packaging Information
- •Erratas
- •Changes from Rev. 2486N-09/04 to Rev. 2486O-10/04
- •Changes from Rev. 2486M-12/03 to Rev. 2486N-09/04
- •Changes from Rev. 2486L-10/03 to Rev. 2486M-12/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486K-08/03 to Rev. 2486L-10/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486J-02/03 to Rev. 2486K-08/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486I-12/02 to Rev. 2486J-02/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2486H-09/02 to Rev. 2486I-12/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486G-09/02 to Rev. 2486H-09/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486F-07/02 to Rev. 2486G-09/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486E-06/02 to Rev. 2486F-07/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486D-03/02 to Rev. 2486E-06/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486C-03/02 to Rev. 2486D-03/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2486B-12/01 to Rev. 2486C-03/02
- •Table of Contents

ATmega8(L)
Alternate Functions of Port C The Port C pins with alternate functions are shown in Table 25.
Table 25. Port C Pins Alternate Functions
Port Pin |
Alternate Function |
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PC6 |
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(Reset pin) |
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RESET |
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PC5 |
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ADC5 (ADC Input Channel 5) |
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SCL (Two-wire Serial Bus Clock Line) |
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PC4 |
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ADC4 (ADC Input Channel 4) |
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SDA (Two-wire Serial Bus Data Input/Output Line) |
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PC3 |
ADC3 (ADC Input Channel 3) |
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PC2 |
ADC2 (ADC Input Channel 2) |
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PC1 |
ADC1 (ADC Input Channel 1) |
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PC0 |
ADC0 (ADC Input Channel 0) |
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The alternate pin configuration is as follows:
• RESET – Port C, Bit 6
RESET, Reset pin: When the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, this pin functions as a normal I/O pin, and the part will have to rely on Power-on Reset and Brown-out Reset as its reset sources. When the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, the reset circuitry is connected to the pin, and the pin can not be used as an I/O pin.
If PC6 is used as a reset pin, DDC6, PORTC6 and PINC6 will all read 0.
• SCL/ADC5 – Port C, Bit 5
SCL, Two-wire Serial Interface Clock: When the TWEN bit in TWCR is set (one) to enable the Two-wire Serial Interface, pin PC5 is disconnected from the port and becomes the Serial Clock I/O pin for the Two-wire Serial Interface. In this mode, there is a spike filter on the pin to suppress spikes shorter than 50 ns on the input signal, and the pin is driven by an open drain driver with slew-rate limitation.
PC5 can also be used as ADC input Channel 5. Note that ADC input channel 5 uses digital power.
• SDA/ADC4 – Port C, Bit 4
SDA, Two-wire Serial Interface Data: When the TWEN bit in TWCR is set (one) to enable the Two-wire Serial Interface, pin PC4 is disconnected from the port and becomes the Serial Data I/O pin for the Two-wire Serial Interface. In this mode, there is a spike filter on the pin to suppress spikes shorter than 50 ns on the input signal, and the pin is driven by an open drain driver with slew-rate limitation.
PC4 can also be used as ADC input Channel 4. Note that ADC input channel 4 uses digital power.
• ADC3 – Port C, Bit 3
PC3 can also be used as ADC input Channel 3. Note that ADC input channel 3 uses analog power.
• ADC2 – Port C, Bit 2
PC2 can also be used as ADC input Channel 2. Note that ADC input channel 2 uses analog power.
• ADC1 – Port C, Bit 1
59
2486O–AVR–10/04

PC1 can also be used as ADC input Channel 1. Note that ADC input channel 1 uses analog power.
• ADC0 – Port C, Bit 0
PC0 can also be used as ADC input Channel 0. Note that ADC input channel 0 uses analog power.
Table 26 and Table 27 relate the alternate functions of Port C to the overriding signals shown in Figure 25 on page 54.
Table 26. Overriding Signals for Alternate Functions in PC6..PC4
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Signal Name |
PC6/RESET |
PC5/SCL/ADC5 |
PC4/SDA/ADC4 |
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PUOE |
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TWEN |
TWEN |
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RSTDISBL |
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PUOV |
1 |
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PORTC5 • |
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PORTC4 • |
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PUD |
PUD |
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DDOE |
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TWEN |
TWEN |
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RSTDISBL |
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DDOV |
0 |
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SCL_OUT |
SDA_OUT |
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PVOE |
0 |
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TWEN |
TWEN |
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PVOV |
0 |
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0 |
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0 |
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DIEOE |
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0 |
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0 |
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RSTDISBL |
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DIEOV |
0 |
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0 |
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0 |
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DI |
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– |
– |
– |
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AIO |
RESET INPUT |
ADC5 INPUT / SCL INPUT |
ADC4 INPUT / SDA INPUT |
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Table 27. Overriding Signals for Alternate Functions in PC3..PC0(1)
Signal Name |
PC3/ADC3 |
PC2/ADC2 |
PC1/ADC1 |
PC0/ADC0 |
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PUOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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PUOV |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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DDOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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DDOV |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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PVOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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PVOV |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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DIEOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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DIEOV |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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DI |
– |
– |
– |
– |
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AIO |
ADC3 INPUT |
ADC2 INPUT |
ADC1 INPUT |
ADC0 INPUT |
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Note: 1. When enabled, the Two-wire Serial Interface enables slew-rate controls on the output pins PC4 and PC5. This is not shown in the figure. In addition, spike filters are connected between the AIO outputs shown in the port figure and the digital logic of the TWI module.
60 ATmega8(L)
2486O–AVR–10/04

ATmega8(L)
Alternate Functions of Port D The Port D pins with alternate functions are shown in Table 28.
Table 28. Port D Pins Alternate Functions
Port Pin |
Alternate Function |
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PD7 |
AIN1 (Analog Comparator Negative Input) |
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PD6 |
AIN0 (Analog Comparator Positive Input) |
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PD5 |
T1 (Timer/Counter 1 External Counter Input) |
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PD4 |
XCK (USART External Clock Input/Output) |
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T0 (Timer/Counter 0 External Counter Input) |
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PD3 |
INT1 (External Interrupt 1 Input) |
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PD2 |
INT0 (External Interrupt 0 Input) |
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PD1 |
TXD (USART Output Pin) |
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PD0 |
RXD (USART Input Pin) |
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The alternate pin configuration is as follows:
• AIN1 – Port D, Bit 7
AIN1, Analog Comparator Negative Input. Configure the port pin as input with the internal pull-up switched off to avoid the digital port function from interfering with the function of the Analog Comparator.
• AIN0 – Port D, Bit 6
AIN0, Analog Comparator Positive Input. Configure the port pin as input with the internal pull-up switched off to avoid the digital port function from interfering with the function of the Analog Comparator.
• T1 – Port D, Bit 5
T1, Timer/Counter1 counter source.
• XCK/T0 – Port D, Bit 4
XCK, USART external clock.
T0, Timer/Counter0 counter source.
• INT1 – Port D, Bit 3
INT1, External Interrupt source 1: The PD3 pin can serve as an external interrupt source.
• INT0 – Port D, Bit 2
INT0, External Interrupt source 0: The PD2 pin can serve as an external interrupt source.
• TXD – Port D, Bit 1
TXD, Transmit Data (Data output pin for the USART). When the USART Transmitter is enabled, this pin is configured as an output regardless of the value of DDD1.
• RXD – Port D, Bit 0
RXD, Receive Data (Data input pin for the USART). When the USART Receiver is enabled this pin is configured as an input regardless of the value of DDD0. When the USART forces this pin to be an input, the pull-up can still be controlled by the PORTD0 bit.
61
2486O–AVR–10/04

Table 29 and Table 30 relate the alternate functions of Port D to the overriding signals shown in Figure 25 on page 54.
Table 29. Overriding Signals for Alternate Functions PD7..PD4
Signal Name |
PD7/AIN1 |
PD6/AIN0 |
PD5/T1 |
PD4/XCK/T0 |
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PUOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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PUO |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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OOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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OO |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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PVOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
UMSEL |
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PVO |
0 |
0 |
0 |
XCK OUTPUT |
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DIEOE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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DIEO |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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DI |
– |
– |
T1 INPUT |
XCK INPUT / T0 INPUT |
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AIO |
AIN1 INPUT |
AIN0 INPUT |
– |
– |
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Table 30. Overriding Signals for Alternate Functions in PD3..PD0
Signal Name |
PD3/INT1 |
PD2/INT0 |
PD1/TXD |
PD0/RXD |
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PUOE |
0 |
0 |
TXEN |
RXEN |
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PUO |
0 |
0 |
0 |
PORTD0 • |
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PUD |
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OOE |
0 |
0 |
TXEN |
RXEN |
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OO |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
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PVOE |
0 |
0 |
TXEN |
0 |
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PVO |
0 |
0 |
TXD |
0 |
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DIEOE |
INT1 ENABLE |
INT0 ENABLE |
0 |
0 |
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DIEO |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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DI |
INT1 INPUT |
INT0 INPUT |
– |
RXD |
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AIO |
– |
– |
– |
– |
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62 ATmega8(L)
2486O–AVR–10/04