Montserrat Guibernau - Belonging_ Solidarity and Division in Modern Societies (2013, Polity)
.pdfBelonging
Belonging
Solidarity and Division in
Modern Societies
Montserrat Guibernau
polity
Copyright © Montserrat Guibernau 2013
The right of Montserrat Guibernau to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published in 2013 by Polity Press
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ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-5506-2
ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-5507-9(pb)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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Contents
Acknowledgements |
viii |
|
|
Introduction |
1 |
|
Outline of the book |
2 |
1 Identity as a Political Instrument |
7 |
|
|
Conflicting identities |
7 |
|
The role of boundaries |
10 |
|
Traditional versus modern societies |
15 |
|
The construction and meaning of identity |
16 |
|
The consequences of globalization |
19 |
|
Summary |
24 |
2 |
Belonging by Choice |
26 |
|
Belonging and emotion |
26 |
|
The conditions of belonging |
32 |
|
Collective identity and the power of symbols |
35 |
|
Belonging to the nation |
43 |
|
Collective identity and political mobilization |
44 |
|
Summary |
48 |
3 |
Freedom and Constraint |
50 |
|
Immanuel Kant |
51 |
|
Michel Foucault |
55 |
vi |
Contents |
|
Erich Fromm |
58 |
|
The freedom to belong |
61 |
|
Alienation, fear of irrelevance and group membership |
64 |
|
Escaping into new dependencies: addiction |
65 |
|
Summary |
69 |
|
4 The New Radical Right and the Resurgence of |
|
|
|
Authoritarian Politics |
71 |
The rise of authoritarianism |
71 |
|
The new radical right versus traditional fascism |
75 |
|
Who votes for the new radical right? |
79 |
|
‘White resistance’ as a transnational movement |
80 |
|
The rise of ethno-politics |
83 |
|
On racism |
84 |
|
The nation: conflicting views |
86 |
|
From biological to cultural exclusion |
88 |
|
Summary |
90 |
|
5 The Rituals of Belonging |
92 |
|
The power of symbols |
92 |
|
The meaning of symbols |
97 |
|
Ritual and power |
98 |
|
Ritual and emotions |
103 |
|
Rituals of ‘inclusion’ and ‘exclusion’ |
105 |
|
Rites of belonging in modern society |
108 |
|
Rites of passage |
110 |
|
‘Exclusive’ and ‘inclusive’ groups and associations |
112 |
|
Summary |
116 |
|
6 Loyalty, Citizenship and the Nation |
118 |
|
On loyalty |
118 |
|
Three types of loyalty |
120 |
|
Loyalty, the nation and nationalism |
123 |
|
National loyalty in peacetime and wartime |
128 |
|
Loyalty programmes in the USA |
130 |
|
Scapegoating and dissent |
134 |
|
Freedom versus conformity |
135 |
|
‘Authoritarian’ versus ‘democratic’ loyalty |
137 |
|
The great challenge: turning immigrants into Americans |
140 |
|
Summary |
142 |
Contents |
vii |
7 Emotion and Political Mobilization |
144 |
Emotion and social action |
144 |
Emotion and the rational imperatives of market |
|
capitalism |
147 |
‘Taming’ emotion and the construction of ‘healing |
|
spaces’ |
153 |
Emotion and political mobilization |
154 |
Summary |
170 |
Conclusion |
172 |
Notes |
181 |
Bibliography |
200 |
Index |
211 |
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank those who have supported me while I have been writing and thinking about this book: Christopher Dandeker, Alain Gagnon, Zig Layton-Henry, François Rocher, Grahame Thompson and Nick Swimm.
As a member of the editorial board of the journal Nations and Nationalism, I have greatly appreciated and benefited from debates and conversations with Anthony D. Smith and the other members/friends of the editorial team.
I have also thoroughly enjoyed seminars and debates held at the Cañada Blanch Centre of the European Institute at the London School of Economics. I am especially indebted to Paul Preston for his constant support and advice.
I started this book while being a visiting scholar at the Department of Sociology, University of Cambridge. In particular, I owe a great debt to John B. Thompson for his encouragement and assistance. I am also grateful to Patrick Baert, Christel Lane, David Lehmann and Jackie Scott. My gratitude goes to the College Council at St John’s for kindly inviting me to the Fellow’s Table at Cambridge, thus providing an opportunity to exchange views and meet fellow-scholars in various disciplines.
At Queen Mary, University of London, I would like to thank my colleagues at the School of Politics and International Relations, in particular Jeremy Jennings, Adam Fagan and Monika Nangia.