• the function,

• significative or pragmatic effect

• It has to fulfill denotative and connotative meaning referring the word

• to the extra-linguistic reality;

• to the speaker ;

• to other meanings with which it contrasted.

Direct meaning:

It nominates the referent without the help of a context, in isolation:

RUN”to go by moving the legs”;

screen ‘a movable piece of FURNITURE’ (direct):: smoke screen ‘ an object which protects’(fig.)::’a silver-colored sheet’(sec.):: screen actor (abstr.)

(Indirect) Figurative:

the object is named and characterized through its similarity with another object: “to operate or function”- I run the office;

Angle

space b/w lines point of view

Concrete Abstract

Honey sweetness pleasantness

A sweet sticky substance 

Special General

Earth

The planet the world

Main/primary Secondary

Jug- vessel jug - prison

Central Peripheric

Prison

building any place

Narrow Extended

School

Institution for process of being

educating children  educated in a school

     “I hate school

to go to school

The main meaning is that which possesses the highest frequency at the present stage of the vocabulary development.

The contextual meaning represents only one of the possible variants of the word but it may render a complicated notion or emotion analyzable into several semes.

“Lady Constance, peace! -War! War! no peace! Peace is to me a war” (Sharespeare)

Contextual meanings include nonce usage.

Nonce words are words invented and used for a particular occasion.

FUNCTIONALLY

Conversational Words:

mad	upset	lots of
tell off	funny	dear
fed up	great	give up

Faded Words

nice	nasty	r ich	like
good	strange	poor	got
bad	interesting	get

		productive	strong
		prosperous	lush
		copious	bright
	colour	resonant	creamy
	sound	tasty	affluent
RICH…	taste	abundant	ample
	food	luxuriant	warm
	life	fruitful	vivid
	person	delicious	lavish
		opulent	deep
		plentiful	juicy
		wealthy

WORD ORIGIN

I n f o r m a l	Obsolete Words	F o r m a l	Current Words
	scyppend desceaft healdend rædend æðeling dēmend		creator creation chief ruler prince judge
	Old English Words		Borrowings
	Pluck Sweat Guts Clothes Climb Begin Book Pride Lung		Courage Fr. Perspire Fr. Determination (Latin) Attire Fr. Ascend L. Commence Fr. Volume Fr. Hubris Dr. Pulmonary L.

STYLISTIC TYPES OF WORDS

Antrushina: Ginsburg