- •Министерство образования и науки российской федерации
- •Английский язык.
- •Молодцова в.Е. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для студентов архитектурно-строительного факультета / Под ред. Л.А. Семашко. — Челябинск, юУрГу, 2005. — 60 с.
- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Building Construction…………………………………………... 5
- •Introduction
- •Unit 1 Building Construction
- •New words:
- •Fill in the gaps with the words given below.
- •Put the prepositions into the sentences and translate them.
- •Make up sentences out of given words.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Agree or disagree with the statements.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •A) Make up the right sentences according to the model.
- •Unit 2 elements of buildings
- •New words:
- •Translate the following derived words.
- •Read the following international words. What Russian words do they associate with?
- •Find the synonyms.
- •Put the correct word into each gap.
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following word combination.
- •Using the dictionary find the right translation (part b) of the word combinations (part a).
- •Put in the proper preposition (of, in, into, from, onto, to, for, between).
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the meaning of the words ''floor'', ''stor(e)y'', ''level''.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the function and meaning of ''one'', ''ones''.
- •Find and translate the sentences in which ''one'' is used as a substitution word.
- •Compare the following pairs of sentences given in Active and Passive Voice and translate them into Russian.
- •Use the predicates of this sentences in Passive Voice and translate them.
- •Translate the following sentences. Mind the predicates in Passive Voice.
- •Read and translate the text. Elements of buildings
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Define the type of each door and window.
- •Replace the words and word combinations in italics (a) by their contextual synonyms (b).
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Give the English equivalents.
- •With your group-mates fill in the table using the text.
- •Unit 3 foundations
- •New words:
- •Mark the number of a sentence where "to be" is translated as "должен".
- •Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to different functions of the verb "to be".
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •Say and write the following sentences in:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs.
- •Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •Read the text and translate it in Russian. Foundations
- •There are some notes the student made after reading the text "Foundations". Did he remember everything right? Read his notes and correct them if necessary.
- •Match the beginnings of the sentences (1 – 4) to their ends (a – d) using the information from the text.
- •Caissons
- •Say the facts proving the following statements.
- •Unit 4 floors
- •New words:
- •Translate the following derived words according to the models.
- •Beams and their types
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text. Beams and their types
- •Match the definitions with the appropriate words.
- •Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •Lightweight steel beams and joists introduced
- •Unit 6 shells, trusses and space frames
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text . Shells, trusses and space frames
- •Match the definitions with the appropriate words.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •Replace the words in bold type into their contextual synonyms given below.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Identify the type of the given trusses. Explain the difference between the Pratt and the Warren truss systems.
- •With your partner, discuss the main features of trusses and space frames. Use the following words and word combinations.
- •Unit 7 Roofs
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Aluminium roofs for reservoirs and storage tanks
- •Speak directly about construction of roofs for water reservoirs using the following expressions:
- •New words:
- •Build up and translate the gerunds according to the model.
- •Translate the sentences with gerunds.
- •Translate the sentences with the Continuous Tenses.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the ing-forms.
- •Read and translate the text. Towards Industrialized Construction
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Match the beginnings of the sentences (a) with their endings (b).
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Interview your partner about the reasons of moving building construction towards industrialization. Use the following words and expressions.
- •Read and translate Text 2. From the history of building construction
- •Answer the questions to the text 2. Check your answers in accordance with the text.
- •Read the text for the second time and mark interesting facts in each part of it.
- •What is a ''rule of thumb'' technique? unit 9
- •Assembly works and time-tabling
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text. Assembly works and time-tabling
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Identify each kind of assembly works.
- •Identify the part of the building or the phase of the assembly sequence described in the sentences.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Make a list of other things that could go wrong on a building site. Say when they might occur and how they could affect the time schedule. References
Министерство образования и науки российской федерации
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Южно-уральский государственный университет
Кафедра английского языка
Ш143.21-9
M994
Английский язык.
Учебное пособие для студентов
архитектурно-строительного факультета
Под редакцией Л.А. Семашко
Челябинск
Издательство ЮУрГУ
2005
ББК Ш143.21-923
Молодцова в.Е. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для студентов архитектурно-строительного факультета / Под ред. Л.А. Семашко. — Челябинск, юУрГу, 2005. — 60 с.
Учебное пособие предназначено для выработки навыков чтения и перевода английской технической литературы по специальности у студентов 2 курса архитектурно-строительного факультета всех форм обучения. Пособие содержит 10 тематических разделов, а также развернутую систему лексических и грамматических упражнений.
Одобрено учебно-методическим советом факультета лингвистики.
Рецензенты: М.Г. Федотова, И.Г. Рекунова.
© Издательство ЮУрГУ, 2005.
Contents
INTRODUCTION……………………...…………………………………………… 4
Unit 1. Building Construction…………………………………………... 5
UNIT 2. ELEMENTS OF BUILDINGS…………………………………………… 9
UNIT 3. FOUNDATIONS………………………………………………………….. 18
UNIT 4. FLOORS…………………………………………………………………... 25
UNIT 5. BEAMS AND THEIR TYPES…………………………………………… 30
UNIT 6. SHELLS, TRUSSES AND SPACE FRAMES…………………………… 34
UNIT 7. Roofs……………………………………………………………………. 39
Unit 8. Towards Industrialized Construction…………………… 44
UNIT 9. PREFABRICATION……………………………………………………… 50
UNIT 10. assembly works and time-tabling…………………………. 54
references……………………………………………………………………… 60
Introduction
The creation of the necessary environment for human existence, its character and comfortability determined by the level of social development, culture, scientific and technical achievements have always been the main purpose of construction.
The main branch of economic and social city development determines a significant increase in the volume of capital construction, since the housing is followed by the construction of public buildings, schools, cafes, beauty shops, dry-cleaning and so on.
The cutback’s of spending in footing and foundations in the total costs of the constructions can give a significant money and material saving. Nonetheless it is very important to make an attempt to decrease these expenditures without a decrease in house safety that is to avoid the unreliable and non-durable house construction, that can cause a partial or complete house destruction.
Monolithic reinforced concrete designs are widely used in mom construction engineering. The works connected with concrete are still cotton a lot of hard and time- taking processes. Lately have many technical designs appeared, that tend to decrease work time-taking and to increase the guilty of the monolithic constructions. Monolithic housing constructed of concrete give more expression to city districts and make it possible to reduce the construction costs for 10-15 percents.
The negative results of human activities caused the changes that have acquired global character and have made a threat for breaking the nature equilibrium. It can lead to the obstacles for future social development.
Buildings influence the environment greatly. Their appearance results in significant changes in the air, water and soil at the construction site. It leads to the appearance artificially planted trees instead of the natural plantings. The evaporation regime also changes. The average temperature at the construction site is higher in the comparison with other areas.
Ill-conceived technologies, organization and the work it self determine large energy and material spending and a high level of air, water and soil pollution. The process of construction is comparatively short. The interaction of bulging or constructions and the environment, its character and results are determined by a long-term operation. It brings the importance of this operation in terms of ecological characteristic of the construction, i.e. its influence on the ecological situation as a result of its long operation.
When designing new projects it is very important to take into account the ecological results of decision making. The ecological approach should determine the house planning, construction and operation.
So the future of our civilization is in our hands.