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UNIT I

Text I

I. Read and translate the text:

Scope of Psychology

Psychology as a science studies mental activity and human behaviour. Psychologists study basic functions such as learning, memory, language, thinking, emotions, and motives. They investigate development throughout the life span from birth to death. They are involved in mental and physical health care. They treat people who are emotionally distressed.

P sychology occupies a strategic position between na­tural and social sciences on the one hand, and between sciences and humanities, on the other.

Each of the subjects listed in the four groups has its own relationship with psychology. For example, know­ledge of physics and chemistry is necessary to provide a scientific basis for experimental psychology. Psychology is also closely linked to sociology. But whereas sociolo­gists direct their attention to groups, group processes, and social forces, social psychologists focus on group and social influences on individuals. Psychology and biology are also closely connected. Physiological psychologists investigate the role of the brain and the nervous system in such functions as memory, language, sleep, attention, movement, perception, hunger, anger and joy. On the other hand, psychologists took much from the theory of knowledge, logic and philosophy of science. Besides, psy­chology separated from philosophy.

The word « psychology* is derived from the Greek word meaning «study of the mind or soul*. So in the defini­tion of psychology there are three basic words: «science*, «behaviour», «mental processes*.

« Science* means rational investigation of processes and phenomena. By «behaviour» psychologists mean everything that people and animals do: actions, emotions, ways of communication, developmental processes. «Men-tal processes* characterize the work of the mind and the nervous system.

English for Psychologists and Sociologists

Psychology. Unit I .

SPECIALIST	PRIMARY ACTIVITI	ES
Industrial (organizational) psychologist	Combines research, consulta and program development to enhance morale and efficienc the job	ion, yon
Educational psychologist	Develops, designs and evaluj materials and procedures for educational programs	ites
Social psychologist	Studies how people influence another	:one
Developmental psychologist	Studies change in behaviour age	with
Experimental psychologist	Conducts research
School psychologist	Establishes programs, consul treats youngsters' problems,. does research in the school se	ts, md tting
Cognitive psychologist	Studies mental processes
Community psychologist	Treats distressed people with community; initiates commui action and develops commun programs to enhance mental!	in the lity ity icalth
Engineering psychologist	Designs and evaluates environments, machinery, tra devices, programs, and systei improve relationships betwee people and environment	ining nslo n
Personality psychologist	Studies how and why people from one another and how the differences can be assessed	differ )se
Physiological psychologist	Studies the physical bases of behaviour and cognition
Psychometric (quantitative) psychologist	Develops and evaluates tests; designs research to measure psychological functions

II. Answer the following questions:

I What basic functions do psychologists study?

' WI wit position does psychology occupy among the

loienoes and humanities? B What basic words are there in the definition of

psychology? What do they mean? I Wby is there a great number of different specialists in

the field of psychology? B, Which group of psychology experts is the largest?