5. Государственное и политическое устройство

British State System is unique and complex .The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. Britain does not have a written constitution, but they have a set of laws.

The power of the monarch is not absolute but limited by the Parliament. The monarch is a formally head of state.( Elizabeth II.)

B.S.S. Consists of 3 main parts: the monarchy, the parliament and the government.

The monarch has a lot of representative functions, gives the royal assent to the bills, appoints the Prime Minister, Lords, Judges and the head of the church. The monarch is the commander of English forces.

Ex. The government consist of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. the Prime Minister must be from the House of Commons. He chooses the Cabinet, which includes 20 ministers. The Prime Minister is the head of executive power. The Cabinet administer laws.

L. Parliament consists of the House of Commons, where members are elected, and the House of Lords. the House of Common makes laws, discusses political problems. the House of Lords can change bills, can reject or accept bills.

There are 3 key powers: Legislative, Executive and the Judicial.

Political parties: 3 party system – Conservation party, Labour party and Liberal party.

Культура, обычаи и традиции

English people like to spend their free time in pubs where they can have a glass of beer and talk about different things with their friends. The British like to travel abroad and visit other regions of their own country.

English people like domestic animals. Every family has a pet: a dog, a cat or a bird.

Politeness is a characteristic feature of Englishmen. They often say "Thank you", "Sorry", "Beg your pardon". Russian people, I think, have to learn this good custom.

There are only 8 official public holidays a year. They are New Year Holiday, Good Friday(Good Friday is the first Friday before Easter.), Easter Monday, May Day Holiday (The day of beauty), Spring Holiday, Summer Holiday, Christmas Day and Boxing Day (To give to receive gifts). But there are many more unofficial holidays, for example Halloween.

In the UK there are four Saint’s Days: St. David’s Day, St. Patrick’s Day, St. George’s, and St. Andrew’s Day.

Football is the national sport.

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

6. Сша: экономика, транспорт и наука

The USA is rich in mineral resources.

Before the crisis the economy of the USA had the largest gross domestic product in the world. Also the USA had a low rate of unemployment and high rate of capital investment. It is regulated by the government.

The USA has and had the largest national and external debts.

A central feature of the USA is the economical freedom. It’s connected with low levels of regulation and taxation.

Most people travel with their own cars. There are taxi companies in most metropolitan areas. Most of the taxis are yellow and their model is a ford crown Victoria.

There are different companies which offer buses between cities. Greyhound. Buses are economical transport.

Long distance travel by train is not popular. (Amtrak) .If you have a lot of time and want to see many regions of the USA you can travel by train.

Talking about a flight is the most preferred way to travel. There are many big airports. Its the fastest way.

The White brothers invented the first airplane in 1903/

In 1908 Henry Ford produced a practical car called the model T.

A new invention was the radio station in 1920

Another invention was the cinema.