I. Reading Exercises:
Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:
property, ionic bonding, sodium oxide, oxidation, state, melting point, solubility, double displacement, redox reaction, electron exchange, reductant.
Exercise 2. Answer the questions:
1) What is the problem of inorganic chemistry?
2) What does the bulk of inorganic compounds occur as?
3) What are the most important features of inorganic compounds?
4) Where can electron exchange occur indirectly?
II. Speaking Exercises:
Exercise 1. Describe inorganic compound; solubility; redox reaction using the suggested words and expressions as in example:
inorganic compound salt; combination of cations and anions; ionic bounding; sodium; oxide neutrally charged example: The bulk of inorganic compounds occur as salts, the combination of cations and anions joined by ionic bonding. The example of cations is sodium Na+ and the example of anion is oxide O2−. As any salt is neutrally charged, these ions form a compound such as sodium oxide Na2O. |
solubility
important feature; crystallization; soluble in water
redox reaction
oxidant; oxidation state; reductant; exchange of electrons; batteries
III. Writing exercises:
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the suggested words:
overlap; covers; far from; organic.
This field _________ all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds which are the subjects of _________ chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is __________ absolute, and there is much _________.
Exercise 2. Compose a story on one of the topics (up to 40 words):
“Classes of inorganic chemistry”
“The simpliest organic reaction”
“Inorganic chemical compounds”
Lesson 2
Read the text: Inorganic Chemistry. Part IІ.
When one reactant contains hydrogen atoms, a reaction can take place by exchanging protons in acid-base chemistry. In a more general definition, an acid can be any chemical species capable of binding to electron pairs is called a Lewis acid; conversely any molecule that tends to donate an electron pair is referred to as a Lewis base. As a refinement of acid-base interactions, the HSAB theory takes into account polarizability and size of ions.
Inorganic compounds are found in nature as minerals. Soil may contain iron sulfide as pyrite or calcium sulfate as gypsum. Inorganic compounds are also found multitasking as biomolecules: as electrolytes (sodium chloride), in energy storage (ATP) or in construction (the polyphosphate backbone in DNA).
The first important man-made inorganic compound was ammonium nitrite for soil fertilization through the Haber process. Inorganic compounds are synthesized for use as catalysts such as vanadium(V) oxide and titanium(III) chloride, or as reagents in organic chemistry such as lithium aluminium hydride.
Subdivisions of inorganic chemistry are organometallic chemistry, cluster chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry. These fields are active areas research in inorganic chemistry, aimed toward new catalysts, superconductors, and therapies.
Inorganic chemistry is a highly practical area of science. Traditionally, the scale of a nation's economy could be evaluated by their productivity of sulfuric acid. The top 20 inorganic chemicals manufactured in Canada, China, Europe, Japan, and the US (2005 data): aluminium sulfate, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, carbon black, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphoric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium chlorate, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and titanium dioxide.