2. Comprehension check

2.1. Match the sentence beginnings (1-6) with the correct endings (a-f).

1. Many instructions will also change the state in …..

2. The program counter keeps track of ……

3. The way in which the numerical instruction value is interpreted is defined …

4. The inputs provide the numbers to be added, and the outputs….

5. The program is represented by a series of numbers that are kept….

6. If the addition operation produces a result too large for the CPU to handle…

1. by the CPU's instruction set architecture.

2. in some kind of computer memory.

3. an arithmetic overflow flag in a flags register may also be set.

4. will contain the final sum.

5. the CPU's place in the current program.

6. a “flags” register

2.2. Organize the following stages in the computer data processing into the correct order.

- During the next step, various portions of the CPU are connected so they can perform the desired operation;

- The final step, writeback, simply "writes back" the results of the execute step to some form of memory. Very often the results are written to some internal CPU register for quick access by subsequent instructions;

- After the execution of the instruction and write back of the resulting data, the entire process repeats, with the next instruction cycle;

- There are four steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation;

- In the decode step, the instruction is broken up into parts that have significance to other portions of the CPU. The way in which the numerical instruction value is interpreted is defined by the CPU's instruction set architecture;

- The first step, fetch, involves retrieving an instruction (which is represented by a number or sequence of numbers) from program memory.

2.3. Read this product description and answer the questions below.

Processor and memory.

• Intel Core 2 Duo processor at 2.4 Ghz

• 533MHz Front Side Bus

• 1.024 MB of RAM; can be expanded up to 4 GB

• 200 GB Hard disk

• Double Layer DVD

• Vista

1. How fast is the CPU?

2. Which term is used to describe the CPU data bus?

3. How much RAM does the computer have?

4. Can you add extra RAM chips? How many?

2.4. Are the following statements true or false? If false, correct the information.

1. The word random refers to the fact that any piece of data can’t be returned in a constant time.

2. Today, random-access memory takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed only in strict order.

3. ROM refers only to mask ROM, which is fabricated with the desired data permanently stored in it.

4. Because data stored in ROM can be modified, it is mainly used to distribute firmware.

5. A gigabyte (GB) is 1,024 bytes.

6. EPROM and flash EEPROM can be erased and re-programmed multiple times.

2.5. One word is wrong in the following sentences. Underline and correct it.

1. Computers represent information in ternary code, written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

2. The word RAM is often associated with permanent types of memory.

3. Random-access memory takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in strict order.

4. In storage devices, data transferring takes longer than the movement.

5. The reprogramming process is generally frequent and comparatively slow.

6. Data stored in ROM can be modified very quickly and easily.