
- •Англійська мова
- •Київ кнутд 2008
- •Unit 1 Microprocessor
- •I. Read and remember the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the following text: Microprocessor
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Give the equivalents of the following words:
- •V. Use the correct tense form of the verbs and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •VI. Translate the text in writing:
- •Unit 2 Notable 8-bit and 16-bit designs
- •I. Read and remember the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text: Notable 8-bit and 16-bit designs
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Give the equivalents of the folloving words:
- •V. Match the words:
- •VI. Translate the text in writing.
- •Unit 3 Notable 32-bit and 64-bit designs
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Give the equivalents of the following words:
- •V. Use the correct tense form of the verbs and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •VI. Translate the text in writing:
- •Unit 4 Early programmable logic
- •I Read and memorize the following words:
- •II Read and translate the text: Early programmable logic
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Give the equivalents to the following words:
- •V Choose the correct variant:
- •VI Translate the text in writing: Microprocessor Subsystem to fpga Interfaces
- •Unit 5 How plDs retain their configuration
- •I Read and memorize the following words and words-combinations:
- •II Read and translate the text:
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Give the equivalents of the following words:
- •V Use the correct tense form of the verbs and translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI Translate the text in writing:
- •Unit 6 Rectifier
- •I Read and memorize the following words and words-combinations:
- •Half-wave rectification
- •Full-wave rectification
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Give the equivalents of following words:
- •V Translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI Translate the text in writing:
- •Unit 7 Rectifier output smoothing
- •I Read and memorize the following words:
- •II Read and translate the text:
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Give the equivalents of the following words:
- •V Use the correct tense form of the verbs and translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI Translate the text in writing:
- •Voltage-doubling rectifiers
- •Unit 8 Applications
- •I Read and remember the following words:
- •II Read and translate the following text:
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Give the equivalents of the following words:
- •V Use the correct tense form of the verbs and translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI Translate the text in writing: Education
- •Unit 9 High-power rectification
- •I Read and remember the following words:
- •II Read and translate the following text:
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Give the equivalents of the following words:
- •V Translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI Translate the text in writing:
- •Unit 10 Operational amplifier
- •I Read and memorise the following words:
- •II Read and translate the text:
- •History
- •Current Conducting Materials
- •Unit 11 Electronic amplifier
- •I Read and memorise the following words:
- •II Read and translate the text:
- •Inverting or non-inverting
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Explain the following phrases as they have been used in the text. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •V Choose the correct variant from those in brackets:
- •VI Translate the text in writing
- •Unit 12 Function
- •I Read and memorise the following words:
- •II Read and translate the text:
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Define the tense-forms of the verbs:
- •V Choose the correct variant from those in brackets:
- •VI Translate the text in writing.
- •Unit 13 Amplifier classes
- •I Read and memorise the following words:
- •II Read and translate the text:
- •III Answer the following questions:
- •IV Read and memorise the following words:
- •Class b and ab
- •V Answer the following questions:
- •VI Read and memorise the following words:
- •VII Read and translate the text:
- •VIII Answer the following questions:
- •Unit 14
- •I Read and memorise the following words:
- •II Read and translate the text: Specialty classes Class e
Unit 6 Rectifier
I Read and memorize the following words and words-combinations:
1. rectifier – випрямувач
2. convert – перетворювати
3. mercury – ртуть
4. inverter – перетворювати
5. alternating current – перемінний струм
6. direct current – постійний струм
7. stack – ряд
8. cat’s whisker – І сорт
9. lead [led] – свинець
10. flame – полум’я, спалахнути
11. half-wave – напівхвиля
12. clipper – кліпер
13. tappe – стрічка, записувати
14. revers – повернути навпаки, протилежний
15. selenium [sılınıəm] – селен
ІІ Read and translate the text:
AC, half-wave and full wave rectified signals.
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current to direct current, a process known as rectification. Rectifiers are used as components of power supplies and as detectors of radio signals. Rectifiers may be made of solid state diodes, vacuum tube diodes, mercury arc valves, and other components.
A circuit which performs the opposite function (converting DC to AC) is known as an inverter.
When only one diode is used to rectify AC (by blocking the negative or positive portion of the waveform), the difference between the term diode and the term rectifier is merely one of usage. i.e., the term rectifier describes a diode that is being used to convert AC to DC. Almost all rectifiers comprise a number of diodes in a specific arrangement for more efficiently converting AC to DC than is possible with only one diode. Before the development of silicon semiconductor rectifiers, vacuum tube diodes and copper (I) oxide or selenium rectifier stacks were used.
Early radio receivers, called crystal radios, used a "cat's whisker" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point-contact rectifier or "crystal detector". In gas heating systems flame rectification can be used to detect a flame. Two metal electrodes in the outer layer of the flame provide a current path and rectification of an applied alternating voltage, but only while the flame is present.
Half-wave rectification
A half wave rectifier is a special case of a clipper. In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is passed easily, while the other half is blocked, depending on the polarity of the rectifier. Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, it is very inefficient if used for power transfer. Half-wave rectification can be achieved with a single diode in a one phase supply.
Full-wave rectification
Full-wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to DC(direct current), and is more efficient. However, in a circuit with a non-center tapped transformer, four diodes are required instead of the one needed for half-wave rectification. This is due to each output polarity requiring two rectifiers each, for example, one for when AC terminal 'X' is positive and one for when AC terminal 'Y' is positive. The other DC output requires exactly the same, resulting in four individual junctions. Four rectifiers arranged this way are called a diode bridge or bridge rectifier:
A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output by reversing the negative (or positive) portions of the alternating current waveform. The positive (or negative) portions thus combine with the reversed negative (or positive) portions to produce an entirely positive (or negative) voltage/current waveform.
For single-phase AC, if the transformer is center-tapped, then two diodes back-to-back (i.e. anodes-to-anode or cathode-to-cathode) form a full-wave rectifier.
Full-wave rectifier, with vacuum tube having two anodes.
A very common vacuum tube rectifier configuration contained one cathode and twin anodes inside a single envelope; in this way, the two diodes required only one vacuum tube. The 5U4 and 5Y3 were popular examples of this configuration.
Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier.
For three-phase AC, six diodes are used. Typically there are three pairs of diodes, each pair, though, is not the same kind of double diode that would be used for a full wave single-phase rectifier. Instead the pairs are in series (anode to cathode). Typically, commercially available double diodes have four terminals so the user can configure them as single-phase split supply use, for half a bridge, or for three-phase use.