- •Вопрос 1
- •Вопрос 2. Relative clauses. (Придаточные предложения).
- •Вопрос 3. Like, don`t like doing something.
- •Вопрос 4.Модальный глагол may.
- •Вопрос 5. Quantity Expression (Выражения количества).
- •Вопрос 6.The Future Simple Tense / Будущее простое время
- •Вопрос 7.Conditional sentences. Type 1.
- •Вопрос 9. Past Perfect.
- •Вопрос 13.Conditional sentences. Type 2.
- •Вопрос 10.The Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Tense. (Прошедшее совершенное длительное время )
- •Вопрос 15. Reported Speech (questions).
- •Вопрос 11. Passive voice (tenses)
- •Вопрос 12. Passive voice. (Modal verbs)
- •Вопрос 16. To have something done.
- •Вопрос 14 Reported Speech (Positive and negative sentences).
- •Вопрос 17. Future Continuous (Progressive) Tenses.
Вопрос 11. Passive voice (tenses)
Groups of Tenses in Passive Voice
(Система времен глагола в страдательном залоге)
|
Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Perfect continuous |
Present |
Am, are, is + V-ed/V3 |
Am, are, is + being + + V-ed/V3 |
Have(has) + been + +V-ed/V3 |
|
Past |
Was, were + V-ed/V3 |
Was, were + being + + V-ed/V3 |
Had + been + + V-ed/V3 |
|
Future |
Will(shall) + be + V-ed/V3 |
|
Will(shall) + have + +been + V-ed/V3 |
|
Future in the past |
Would(should) + be + + V-ed/V3 |
|
Would(should) + have + +been + V-ed/V3 |
|
Обычно страдательный залог употребляется тогда, когда
1. Мы не знаем, кто совершает действие. Исполнитель не известен.
· My car was stolen last night. (I don’t know who stole the car.)
2. Нас не интересует, кто совершает действие. Исполнитель не важен.
· The road is being repaired. (We are interested in the road, not who is repairing it.)
· Football is played all over the world. (We are interested in football as a very popular game, not who plays it.)
3. Мы преднамеренно скрываем, кто совершает действие.
СРАВНИТЕ:
· I made a mistake. · The board of directors has decided to reduce all salaries by 10%. · Sorry, but we’ve lost your letter. |
· A mistake was made. · It has been decided to reduce all salaries by 10%. · Unfortunately, your letter has been lost. |
Вопрос 12. Passive voice. (Modal verbs)
Когда мы используем модальные глаголы со Страдательным залогом (the Passive Voice),мы используем следующую конструкцию:
Modal verb + "be" + Ved/ V3
Примеры:
The building of the house can be finished very soon. Строительство дома может быть завершено в ближайшее время.
This work must be done very carefully. Эта работа должна быть сделана очень аккуратно.
Complete the proverbs using the correct verb forms:
1. What may ... ... at any time is done at no time. (to do)
2. Thing past cannot ... .... (to recall).
Вопрос 16. To have something done.
Мы используем to have something done, чтобы сказать, что мы организуем кого-то, что-то сделать для нас. Сравните:
Jill repaired the roof. (=она сама отремонтировала крышу)
Jill had the roof repaired. (= она организовала людей, чтобы они отремонтировали ей крышу)
Будьте осторожны с порядком слов. причастия прошедшего времени (repaired/cut etc.) после объекта (the roof/your hair etc.):
have + |
object + |
Past Participle |
|
|
Jill Where Your hair look nice. Julia We How often I think you should I don't like |
had did you have Have you had has just had are having do you have have having |
the roof your hair it central heating the house your car that coat my photograph |
repaired cut? cut? installed painted serviced? cleaned taken. |
yesterday. in her house. ath the moment. soon. |
Вы также можете сказать: " get something done " вместо " have something done " (в основном в неформальном разговорном английском языке):
When are you going to get the roof repaired? (= have the roof repaired)