Vocabulary

Competitive – конкурентоспособный

Corporation – акционерное общество, корпорация

Distribution – распределение

Establish – основывать, учреждать

General partnership – компания (товарищество с неограниченной ответственностью)

Growth – рост, развитие

Limited partnership – компания (товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью)

Make a profit – получать прибыль

Meet wants – удовлетворять потребности

Partnership – товарищество, партнерство

Partnership contract – договор о сотрудничестве

Private business – частное предприятие

Profitability – рентабельность, прибыльность, доходность

Provision of a contract – условие договора

Public organization – общественная организация

To set an aim – ставить цель

Shareholder – акционер

Shares – акции

Social welfare –социальное обеспечение

sole proprietorship – единоличное владение

stock – акционерный капитал; основной капитал; фонды

stocks – государственные ценные бумаги

stockholder – акционер, владелец государственных ценных бумаг; пайщик

survival – выживание (на рынке)

to this end – с этой целью

Exercises

1. Translate into English and then use them in Passive:

1.Мы основали товарищество, чтобы удовлетворять потребности в обществе. 2.Совет директоров обычно устанавливает цели коммерческой организации. 3.Два и больше человек владеют и контролируют товарищество. 4.Партнеры составили письменное Соглашение о сотрудничестве. 5.Вчера мы купили акции этой корпорации. 6.Ограниченное количество акционеров могут покупать акции корпорации закрытого типа.

2.Match the expressions

1. Managing Director 2. General Manager 3. Financial Director 4. Personnel Manager 5. Training Manager 6. administrative department 7. research and development department 8. production division

9. finance department 10. planning department 11. purchasing department 12. accountant 13. chairman 14. to report to 15. to employ

a. директор по вопросам обучения персонала b. плановый отдел с. директор предприятия d. председатель е. производственный отдел f. финансовый директор g. отдел научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ h. бухгалтер i. нанимать на работу j. административный отдел k. финансовый отдел l. начальник отдела кадров m. генеральный директор n. отчитываться перед кем-либо о. отдел закупок

Entrepreneurs, plants, firms and industries

Business enterprises are called firms. John Brown and his family run a farm, the farm is a firm. United States Steel is a firm, with steel mills in many cities, with iron and coal mines, with ore ships on the grate Lakes. The important characteristic of the firm is that it is owned and controlled essentially as a unit, however diverse its parts.

The function of making fundamental policy decisions in a firm is generally called entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur decides when to establish a firm, what goods to produce, what price policies to follow, how the concern will be financed and so on. A firm is thus a business unit under one coordinated entrepreneurship.

In the independent corner grocery store, the proprietor is the entrepreneur. He decides whether to borrow funds to remodel his store, what prices to set on his merchandise. In bigger business. It is harder to pick out the entrepreneur. The functions of entrepreneur are performed in a coordinate way by the various individuals and groups concerned.

A plant is a building or a group of buildings, along with other more or less fixed physical equipment, that are used together in producing something- such as a shoe-manufacturing plant or an auto-assembly plant. The ford Motor company is a firm with plants in Dearborn, St. Louis, Kansas City, and so forth. John Brown’s farm, on the other hand, is a firm with only one plant.

An industry is harder to define. Usually we use the word to mean all the producers of any commodity. Farmer Brown is part of the wheat industry if he produces wheat, part of the corn industry if he produces corn: he may be in both simultaneously. General Motors is part of many industries: it produces a wide range of autos, trucks, diesel engines, refrigerators, and hundreds of other products.