Существительное в общем падеже или местоимение в объектном падеже

Participle II

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Сложное дополнение с причастием II употребляется:

После глаголов чувственного восприятия to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to notice, to find и др.	They saw their luggage brought in. I heard your name mentioned.	Они видели, как внесли их багаж. Я слышал, как (что) упоминали ваше имя
После глаголов желания и побуждения к действию to make, to get, to have, to want, to like	I want the letter posted at once. I had a new suit made. I must get the book published.	Я хочу, чтобы письмо было отправлено немедленно. Мне сшили новый костюм. Я должен добиться, чтобы книгу напечатали.
После глаголов умственной деятельности to think, to consider, to know, to understand и др.	I considered the work done.	Я считал, что работа выполнена.

Примечание:

1. При употредлении причастия II в "объектной причастной конструкции" причастие выражает не процесс, а результат действия.

Не wants all the documents signed by Friday. - Он хочет, чтобы все документы были подписаны к пятнице.

2. Время сказуемого в дополнительном придаточном предложении соответствует времени сказуемого в главном предложении:

I often hear this book discussed. - Я часто слышу, как обсуждают его книгу.

I heard my work discussed. - Я слышал, как обсуждали мою работу.

3. На русский язык эта конструкция переводится дополнительным придаточным предложением с союзами "что", "как", "чтобы".

4. Объектный оборот с причастием II после глаголов to have и to get показывает, что действие произведено не лицом, выраженным подлежащим, а кем-то другим за него или для него. Предложения с такой конструкцией переводятся на русский язык простым предложением.

Сравните:

Не redecorated his flat Не had his flat redecorated.

Он сделал ремонт квартиры Он сделал ремонт квартиры (сам сделал ремонт). (работали мастера).

I had bound my books. Я переплел свои книги (переплел сам).

I had my books bound.

Я переплел свои книги (кто-то переплел их для меня).

Глагол в этой конструкции может употребляться в различных временных формах:

I am having my car repaired. I've just had my car repaired.

I'll have my car repaired next month.

Мне ремонтируют квартиру. Мне только что отремонтировали квартиру.

Я отдам машину в ремонт (Мне отремонтируют машину) в будущем месяце.

Таким образом, русским предложениям типа "Она сшила платье" в английском языке соответствуют различные предложения в зависимости от того, производится ли действие лицом-подлежащим или каким-то другим лицом. Сравните:

She made a dress.

She had a dress made.

Она (сама) сшила платье.

Она сшила (ей сшили, она

отдавала сшить) платье.

Exercise 1. Read the following sentences. Point out the Complex Object with Participle II. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. At last she heard her name called. 2. Have you heard the opera "Cannen" sung in Chinese? 3. He was pleased to hear his words quoted several times in the President's speech. 4. He wanted his paper published as soon as possible. 5. Has anybody seen Mohammed Ali, a well-known boxer, knocked down? 6. I consider the problem solved. 7. I wanted the luggage registered. 8. She doesn't want her sister worried. 9. Do you consider your best friend badly organised? He's failed in all the exams. 10. I felt myself touched on the arm. 11. The girl said that she had once seen a murder committed. 12. Have you seen President Kennedy killed? 13. I thought her happily married. 14. Why didn't you arrive yesterday? Did you find all the flights booked up?

Exercise 2. Read the following sentences. Point out the Objective Participial Construction with Participle II. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.1 am having a garage built at the moment. 2. How often do you have your hair cut? 3. Did Ann make the dress herself or did she have it made? 4. Simon has just had a suit made. 5. He said he had not had the visa renewed. 6. Have them brought here immediately. 7. I'll have my car repaired next month. 8. He had his computer serviced last week. 9. You should have your eyes tested. 10. Why did you have your dress shortened? It was quite all right. 11. I must get this jacket cleaned. 12. Have you got your watch repaired? 13. Get the room dusted and aired by the time they arrive. 14. -Are you going to repair the car yourself? - No, I'm going to have it repaired. 15. When are you going to get the roof of the garage repaired? 16. I've just got the knives sharpened. Don't cut yourself.

Exercise 8. Ask your partner questions with each of the following phrases:

Model: to have one's hair cut

• Where do you have your hair cut?•

• How often do you have your hair cut?

• When did you have your hair cut last time?

• Why do you have your hair cut so often?

hair cut picture taken TV repaired room papered shoes mended new dress made nails done

to have one's report typed

mail sent

text recorded

fax sent

tooth pulled out

tooth filled

appendix taken out

telephone installed parcel wrapped up

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. I'm building a garage at the moment. I'm having a garage built at the moment. 2. Sarah is cutting her hair. Sarah is having her hair cut. 3. Allan pressed his suit. Allan had his suit pressed. 4. Florence will shampoo and cut her hair. Florence will have her hair shampooed and cut. 5. Mary is going to do the laundry. Mary is going to have the laundry done. 6. Why did Carol alter the dress? Why did Carol have her dress altered? 7. Can we tailor the programme to our requirements? Can we have the programme tailored to our requirements? 8. I haven't polished my nails yet. I haven't had my nails polished yet. 9. We must have all the equipment packed by tomorrow. We must pack all the equipment by tomorrow. 10. She typed the report without a single mistake. She had her report typed without a single mistake.

The Complex Subject (The Nominative-with-the-Participle Construction)

Сложное подлежащее (Оборот "именительный падеж с причастием")

THE COMPLEX SUBJECT

Существительное в общем падеже

или местоимение в именительном падеже

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Глагол в пассивном

залоге

₊

Причастие

The train was heard whistling.

The train + whistling was heard

В этом обороте употребляется главным образом Participle I Active.

Оборот "именительный падеж с причастием" в предложении выступает в функции сложного подлежащего. Он возможен, однако, лишь с глаголами чувственного восприятия (to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to notice и др.) и глаголами to keep, to leave, to find, to report, to set, to show, to catch в пассивном залоге.

Jane was heard playing the piano.

He was found sleeping.

He was reported feeling much better.

Слышали (было слышно), как Джейн играет на рояле.

Оказалось, что он спит.

Сообщили, что он чувствует себя гораздо лучше.

The boys were left doing their Когда мальчиков оставили одних,

lessons. они делали уроки.

Субъектный причастный оборот сходен с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом. После глаголов to hear, to see, to watch может употребляться также инфинитив, если неличная форма выражена глаголом предельного характера. Инфинитив в этом случае обозначает законченное действие, а причастие - незаконченное, все еще продолжающееся:

A car was heard arriving. Было слышно, как подъезжала машина.

A car was heard to arrive. Было слышно, как подъехала машина.

У глаголов непредельного характера это различие не наблюдается:

They were heard to laugh/laughing in the hall. - Было слышно, как они смеялись в зале.

Рассмотрим перевод этого оборота на русский язык.

The teacher was seen coming.

Существительное (или местоимение) этого оборота (the teacher) переводится существительным (или местоимением) в функции подлежащего придаточного предложения, а причастие (coming) - глаголом в личной форме в функции сказуемого этого предложения. Глагол в форме страдательного залога (was seen) переводится неопределенно-личным или безличным предложением, которое выполняет функцию главного предложения в русском сложноподчиненном предложении и соединяется с придаточным предложением союзом как (иногда что):

Видели (было видно), как преподаватель пришел.

Exercise 1. Read the following sentences. Point out the Complex Subject. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He knew he was caught boasting. 2. The baby was found sitting on the floor. 3. They were seen speaking to the Dean. 4. The girl was heard singing. 5. She was seen trying on hats in a small shop off Bond Street. 6. Ned was left sleeping upstairs. 7. Jane was heard playing the piano. 8. Paul was found working in the garden. 9. The boy was caught teasing the cat. 10. I was kept waiting an hour or so. 11. I was left standing in the hall. 12. They were heard speaking in a lively manner. 13. He was seen surrounded by a group of newsmen. 14. The boat was considered lost. 15. The safe was found locked and the papers stolen. She was seen surrounded by a group of newsmen.

Exercise 2. Turn the following sentences with the Objective Participial Construction into sentences with the Subjective Participial Construction.

Model: -1 saw him conducting the orchestra.

- He was seen conducting the orchestra.

1. They kept me waiting at the door for a full five minutes. 2. They found the door locked and the house deserted. 3. We saw the players scoring a goal on TV. 4. I heard Mary singing in the garden. 5. We watched them walking down the street. 6. We found the driver repairing the car. 7. I hope she hasn't noticed me leaving the house so late. 8. Whom do you consider responsible for the accident? 9. We left the dinner untouched. 10. I heard the boys shouting to the driver. 11. He left us waiting for the bus. 12. We heard a typewriter clattering in the next room. 13. We caught the cat stealing meat. 14. I saw the man climbing the ladder. 15. We saw him exchanging glances with that man. 16. She heard the baby crying in her pram.

Exercise 3. Answer these questions using the Subjective Participial Construction after the verbs suggested.

Model: - How do you know that Andrew had a telephone installed? (hear)

- He was heard telling Kate about it.

1. Why do you think Mike is at home? (hear) 2. Why do you think the girls have made up their quarrel? (see) 3. Why do you think Boris knows Italian? (hear) 4. Why do you think Kate is upset? (see) 5. Why are you sure the Browns will go to France for their holidays? (hear) 6. Why are you sure they have already moved to the new flat? (hear) 7. How do you know John has met Peter today? (see) 8. Why do you think that Fred is out? (notice) 9. Why are you sure Miss Grey is going away on business? (hear) 10. How do you know that Susan is in love with Robin? (watch) 11. Why do you think the boss is angry with Mark? (hear) 12. Why are you sure George is good at playing cards? (see) 13. How do you know Mrs. Hilton is going to retire? (hear) 14. Why do you think Richard has a lot of money? (notice)

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into Russian using the Subjective Participial Construction.

1. Каждый день его можно было видеть за работой в саду. 2. Можно было слышать, как Джон поет в соседней комнате. 3. Сейф нашли запертым. 4. Чемодан в последний раз видели стоящим в коридоре. 5. Джейн оставили играющей на пляже с друзьями. 6. Его нельзя считать ответственным за то, что случилось. 7. Иногда слышно было, как они смеются у себя в комнате. 8. Меня заставили долго ждать. 9. В последний раз его видели занимающимся в читальном зале. 10. Слышали, как Рон говорил, что очень сожалеет о случившимся. 11. Ночью слышали, как собака лаяла в саду. 12. Собаку нашли привязанной к дереву. 13. Было слышно, как они беседуют друг с другом. 14. Видели, как Роберт разговаривал с незнакомой девушкой.