Mother and child care Unit 1

Task 1 Learn the following words and word combinations:

Adolescent - підліток

To alter - змінювати

Assessment - оцінка, аналіз

Caesarian section — кесарів розтин

Confinement - пологи, роди

Delivery room - пологова зала

Dilatation - розширення

To drop sharply - різко падати

Family allowance — родинний бюджет

Infant - немовля

Infant welfare center - дитяча консультація

Mortality rate - рівень смертності

Maternity hospital / home - пологовий будинок

Morbidity — хворобливість

Neonate / newborn — новонароджений

Parenthood - батьківство

Preschool children - діти дошкільного віку

Puberty - статева зрілість

Stillbirth rate - відсоток мертвонароджених

Task 2 Read and comprehend the text:

Thanks to the systematic preference given to mother and child care, there have been some extremely favorable results. Stillbirth rate, perinatal mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate have all dropped sharply.

There is a dense network of infant welfare centers staffed by the local paediatric practitioner and his children's nurse. In addition to this there are many maternity hospitals, children's hospitals, infants'homes, children's convalescent homes.

Normally developing healthy children of working mothers are looked after in day or residential nurseries run by the local health authorities.

The school health service provides systematic care for school children up to the age of 15. Inoculation against tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, smallpox and other infections is compulsory. Extensive vaccination with the Sabin live virus antipolio vaccine has for all practical purposes eradicated poliomyelitis.

The prevention and treatment of gynaecological disease in expectant mothers and parturient women is the responsibility of gynaecological and obstetric institutions. All pregnant women are registered and examined several times at antenatal clinics of different types. Almost all confinements nowadays take place under hygienic conditions in health institutes with medical assistance.

To prevent criminal abortions, medical indications for the artificial termination of pregnancy have been extended. The operation is carried out in hospital after an objective assessment has been made by a special commission. In general, abortions are discouraged and healthy planned motherhood and parenthood is encouraged and supported.

The two most urgent functions that must be established for the newborn infant are the supply of oxygen (breathing) and the maintenance of body temperature; the stomach is in full working order within a day.

Task 3 Answer the following questions:

1. What institutions look after the welfare of children and mothers?

2. Who is responsible for the prevention and treatment of women's diseases under the valid Ukrainian legislation?

1. What is the purpose of ante-natal clinics?

3. What particular measure has contributed to the reduction of maternal and infant mortality rates?

2. What does the term "psychoprophylaxis" mean in obstetrics?

1. What is the official policy toward planned parenthood on the one hand and abortions on the other hand?

2. How are the pediatricians trained in this country?

3. How is pregnancy defined?

4. What are the two vital functions that must be established immediately to ensure the neonate's survival?

Task 4 Translate into English:

У трирічному віці дітей переводять у садок. Профілактика інфекційних захворювань полягає у щепленні та дотриманні особистої гігієни. Задовго до народження дитини жінку треба готувати до безболісних пологів.

Різке скорочення частоти абортів можна пояснити високим матеріальним рівнем життя. У підготовці жінки до пологів психопрофілактика є чи не найважливішим заходом.

Unit 2

CHILDREN'S DISEASES

Pronounce correctly and memorize the following words:

Infected droplet - інфікована повітряна краплина

Measles is spread by infected droplets from the nose and throat.

Desquamation - облуплювання, лущення

After the disappearance of the rash desquamation begins.

Sporadic - одиничний, випадковий

Special vaccines to build up the immune system are of course the most effective prevention, and these have helped to defeat several serious diseases and have reduced others to sporadic cases. Viral - вірусний

Ukrainian virologists study the properties of viral particles. Interaction - взаємодія

The study of reproduction of viruses and their interaction with the cells is very important in combating the infection.

Task 2 Form new words adding the prefix peri-. Memorize the meaning of the prefix peri- - навколо. Translate the words: Model: uterine - periuterine, що оточує матку arterial, anal, arthric, articular, axillary, colic, cranial, dental, oral, osteal, vascular, tonsillar, nephritis

Task 3 Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:

1. contagious disease а) слизова оболонка

2. punctate eruption b) заразна хвороба

3. mucous membrane с) початок лущення

4. beginning of desquamation d) крапковий висип

Task 4 Find substitutes for the following word combinations:

1	around the anus	a) periencephalitis
2	separating scales from	b) perianal
	any surface
3	occurring here and there	c) purulent
4	containing or consisting	d) desquamation
	of pus
5	inflammation of the surface	e) sporadic
	of the brain

Task 5 Put in the missing words from those given in the right column:

1. The cholera patient must be ... a) epidemiological as soon as possible. control

2. When the diagnosis is in doubt b) strict surveillance the patient must be kept at

home under....

3

The health officer must make certain that every ... is taken on the way.

c) established

4

5

The patient must be vaccinated the moment his contact is ... . The medical officer is the one

d) precaution

e) isolated

who is responsible for the ... of the disease.

Task 6 Read and comprehend the text "Measles ":

Measles is one of the most communicable and widespread diseases of childhood. All the parents must know that measles is a very grave disease which is dangerous for children especially for young ones. The disease is spread by infected droplets from the nose and throat, sneezed or coughed into the air.

There is an incubation period of 10-19 days. The prodromal symptoms are fever, cough and sneezing. With the appearance of these symptoms the parents must put the child into bed and call a doctor in. The disease is characterized by a rash which at first appears on the mucous membrane of the mouth known as Filatov-Koplik's spots. On the fourth day this rash appears on the skin, at first behind the ears, then on the face, body and limbs.The patient begins to feel much worse. The cough and cold in the head become aggravated, the eyes get purulent. A child easily contracts measles after being exposed to it for a short period of time. In this case the child must be immediately vaccinated.

After the disappearance of the rash desquamation begins. If the disease is not complicated the patient recovers quickly. Proper treatment and good nursing may prevent complications. The patient's room must be aired as often as possible, because fresh air protects from pneumonia and other complications, and it must be cleaned with a wet duster.

The patient's bed must be placed so that the day light should not fall on his face, but the room must be never darkened because the sun rays kill bacteria.

It is necessary to keep the patient's mouth in the cleanliness. For this purpose the patient should rinse his mouth after meal. Little children must drink boiled water instead of rinsing. As the sick child has poor appetite he should take soft diet in small amounts 5-6 times a day.

The patient's hands must often be washed and he must not be allowed to rub his eyes. It is good to wash out his eyes with solution of boric acid several times a day.

It is necessary to isolate the sick child from healthy children. When it is impossible for the child to have a proper nursing at home, he should be taken to the hospital where there are proper conditions to quicken his recovery.

Task 7 Skim through the text and define its main idea.

Task 8 Write the key sentences out of the text and translate them.

Task 9 Read the text closely and answer the following questions:

1. What is the most widespread and communicable disease of childhood?

2. What must the parents know about measles?

3. For whom is the disease especially dangerous?

4. What is the way of spreading measles?

5. What is the incubation period of measles?

6. What is the clinical picture of the disease?

7. When does the rash appear?

8. When does the patient begin feeling much worse?

9. Why must children be vaccinated against measles?

10. When does desquamation begin?

11. What helps to prevent complications?

Task 10 Read, translate and retell the text "Scarlet Fever ":

Scarlet Fever is an acute contagious disease, characterized by high temperature, rapid pulse, a punctate eruption followed by - desquamation, inflammation of the throat.

The disease may be transmitted from a person affected with the disease to a healthy individual either by contact through various objects - clothing, toys, books and foodstuffs, infected by the patient or by means of droplet infection (during coughing, sneezing or talking).

All children are susceptible to the disease, particularly frequently between 18 months and 10 years of age. Adults also contact this illness in whom the course of the disease may simulate that of a sore throat without the eruption characteristic of scarlet fever.

The incubation period of the disease lasts an average of 4-7 days. Sometimes it takes only some hours.

The onset of the disease is sudden. There is generally a severe sore throat, a sharp rise of temperature to 39-40*, nausea, vomiting, headache and often chills. The lymph nodes of the neck are enlarged. The child is restless and sleeps badly.

Within a few hours, but more often at the end of the first or at the beginning of the second day a diffuse red rash appears on the neck, chest and back, spreading to the arms and legs. The rash lasts one or three days and then falls away.

After the disappearance of the rash the period of desquamation begins. Desquamation continues 10-14 days.

Scarlet fever patients should be isolated. If no complications develop and the patient feels well he is allowed out of the bed after the seventh day of the disease. He may be discharged from the hospital on the 12^th day after the onset of the disease.

The principle complications are: acute nephritis, adenitis, otitis media, pericarditis, endocarditis, etc.

As to the treatment, isolation, rest and careful disinfection of the patient's articles are of importance.

Task 11 Speak about the clinical manifestations of scarlet fever using the key words and sentences of the text.

Task 12 Write out the sentences dealing with the treatment of scarlet

fever.

Task 13 Speak about the most serious complications after scarlet fever.

Task 14 Match the terms with the definitions:

1	incompatible	a) to make an idea fit into or be
		acceptable
2	sloppy	b) existing since or before birth
3	placenta	c) being born before the normal length
		of pregnancy has been completed
4	premature	d) an illness of the stomach
5	congenital	e) an infectious disease causing painful
		spots on the skin
6	tracheotomy	f) not acceptable or possible together
		because of basic differences
7	susceptibility	g) under the skin
8	pertussis	h) the state of being very likely to be
		influenced, harmed or affected by
9	parotitis	i) a medical operation to cut a hole in

a trachea so that they can breathe

10. assimilate j) an infectious respiratory catarrh

11. subcutaneous k) a material that comes out of a female

body after a baby has been born

12 herpes zoster 1) a disease causing painful swellings in