Unit 2 tuberculosis

Task 1 Learn the following words and word combinations:

Tuberculosis — туберкульоз

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and characterized by formation of tubercles in tissues. Insidious onset — прихований (поступовий) початок The onset of tuberculosis is insidious. Suspicion - підозра

If there is any suspicion of TB, the patient is sent to a tuberculosis dispensary.

Surveillance - нагляд, спостереження

This patient is under constant doctor's surveillance.

In conformity with smth. - відповідно до чогось

This institute studies the methods of prophylaxis and treatment of TB

in conformity with local climatic conditions.

widespread

outpatient

uninterrupted

anti-TB

restoration

Task 2 Analyze the structure of the following words:

suffering vaccination conformity anti-bacterial exceptional

Task 3 Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:

1. pulmonary tuberculosis

2. to suffer from TB

3. to put a disease into the closed form

4. to be under dispensary surveillance

5. sick benefit

a) хворіти на туберкульоз

b) перебувати на діспансер- ному обліку

3. туберкульоз легень

4. допомога з непраце­здатності

5. перевести хворобу в закриту форму

Task 4 Find the substitutes for the following word combinations:

1 an infectious disease caused

by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2. sudden noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

3. saline fluid secreted by the sweat glands

4. prevention of the disease

5. management and care of a patient or the combating of the existing disorder

1. sweat

2. prophylaxis

3. cough

4. treatment

5. tuberculosis

Task 5 Skim through the text andfind the sentences expressing its main idea:

Tuberculosis is a widespread disease which affects different parts of the body: the lungs, bones and joints, kidneys, spleen, liver, etc. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form. Tuberculosis is caused by tubercle bacilli which are found in the sputum of patients suffering from TB.

The onset of the disease is insidious. The patient usually complains of slight cough, loss of appetite, fatigue and shortness of

breath on exertion. There is a slight rise of temperature. The patient sweats at night and does not feel rested in the morning.

If the district doctor at a polyclinic has the slightest suspicion of TB, the patient is sent immediately to a tuberculosis dispensary. If there is any need, the patient is sent to a special hospital or a sanatorium.

If the patient has TB bacilli in the sputum, then he stays in the hospital for no less than six to eight months. This sufficient time for the doctors to put the disease into the so called closed form. After that he is again at the district dispensary (he is treated there as an outpatient for 18 months). After the course of treatment is completed, the patient is kept under dispensary surveillance for three years. Every spring and autumn he has prophylactic vaccinations. Members of the family are also given medical check-ups.

While undergoing the prescribed course of treatment, the patient is paid sick benefits the amount of which depends on the length of uninterrupted service.

The prophylaxis of TB starts as soon as a baby is born. Antituberculosis vaccinations are administered to all the babies in maternity homes. After that every year the child is checked for TB.

The treatment of TB of bones and joints, including restoration of the affected joints and bones of the spine, is the most important problem nowadays.

Task 6 Find the English equivalents in the text and translate the sentences containing them:

туберкульозний диспансер відкрита форма хвороби диспансерний нагляд профілактика туберкульозу вражати різні частини тіла профілактична вакцинація значне покращення лікування туберкульозу

важкий випадок туберкульоз кісток курс лікування медичний огляд закрита форма хвороби дільничний лікар туберкульозна бацила задишка

Task 7 Read the text closely, define the main thought of each paragraph. Compose two questions to each paragraph and be ready to answer them.

Task 8 Speak on the following items:

1

2 3

The cardinal symptoms of tuberculosis. The course of TB treatment. The prophylaxis of the disease.

Unit3 INFLUENZA

Task 1 Learn the following words and word combinations:

Filtrable virus - вірус, що фільтрується

Filtrable virus causes many grave infectious diseases.

Disturbance - неспокій

Influenza is sometimes marked by nervous disturbances.

Contagious - заразний

The Grippe is the most dangerous contagious disease causing serious

complications.

Diarrhoea - пронос

Vomiting and diarrhoea are the most characteristic symptoms of cholera.

Insomnia - безсоння

The patient suffered from insomnia and headaches.

Duration of the disease — тривалість хвороби

The duration of the disease was about two weeks with headaches and

high temperature.

Task 2 Read the text. Make 10 questions for the reading material:

Influenza (flu, grippe) is an acute infectious epidemic disease caused by a virus and marked by depression, distressing fever, acute catarrhal inflammation of the nose, larynx and bronchi, neuralgic and

muscular pains, gastrointestinal disorder, and nervous disturbances. All ages are liable to the disease. In severe cases vomiting is frequent in babies and in young children as well.

In the typical form of grippe the onset is sudden, beginning with chills, muscular pains and aches in the back and limbs, and bronchitis nervous symptoms, e.g., headache and in severe cases convulsions in babies are usually present.

There are mild cases of the disease. The duration of the disease in a mild case is usually three to four days and the temperature is not very high.

In severe cases the patient's temperature is very high and rises higher with each succeeding paroxysm. Distressing fever and other symptoms, e.g., acute catarrhal inflammation of the bronchi, muscular pains and so on persist for several days. Sometimes pneumonia develops and even death may occur in two or three days. Therefore grippe is especially serious in the very young or when there are pulmonary complications.

In order to minimize the severity of the attack in grippe and to protect the patient from secondary infection, the patient must go to bed at the beginning of an attack and not to be up again without the approval of his physician.

The effects of grippe may persist for a long period of time, therefore a convalescent becomes sensitive to heat, cold, draughts and so on, he easily gets colds, coughs and other respiratory diseases.

The Influenza Surveillance Network operated by World Health Organization recommends annual vaccination against grippe for persons of all ages who have chronic conditions, as 1) heart disease of any etiology; 2) chronic bronchopulmonary disease; 3) chronic renal disease; 4) diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders.

Task 3 Write a case history.

Task 4 Make suggestions concerning therapy.