
- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Гоу спо «Оскольский политехнический колледж»
- •Т.В. Мамонова
- •Английский язык Методические рекомендации по развитию навыков устной речи, чтения и письма для студентов всех специальностей
- •Критерии оценки
- •Unit 1 my family, my friends and I My Family and I
- •Vocabulary
- •Our Flat
- •Vocabulary
- •Family and Family Problems
- •Vocabulary
- •My Attitude to Family
- •Vocabulary
- •Household Chores
- •Vocabulary
- •My Ideal House
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit2 study at colledge My working day
- •Vocabulary
- •Nick’s usual working day
- •Unit 3 russia Russia
- •Vocabulary
- •Russian Political System
- •Vocabulary
- •Russian Character
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Saint Petersburg
- •Vocabulary
- •Ancient Russian Cities
- •Vocabulary
- •Famous Russian Cities
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit 4 great britan Great Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •British Climate
- •Vocabulary
- •British Government
- •Vocabulary
- •British Character
- •Vocabulary
- •National Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary
- •What to See in the uk?
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit 5
- •The United States of America
- •Vocabulary
- •American Climate
- •Vocabulary
- •American Government
- •Vocabulary
- •Political Parties
- •Vocabulary
- •American People
- •Vocabulary
- •American Values and Beliefs
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit 6 culture Artistic and Cultural Life in Britain
- •Vocabulary Questions
- •London Museums and Galleries
- •Vocabulary
- •The Arts in the usa
- •Vocabulary
- •Museums and Galleries in Washington, dc
- •Vocabulary
- •Cultural Life in New York
- •Vocabulary
- •British Music and Musicians
- •Vocabulary
- •Music in America
- •Vocabulary
- •Music in Our Life
- •Vocabulary
- •History of Music
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading Preferences
- •Vocabulary
- •British Writers and Literary Places
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Information technologies Learning About the World
- •Vocabulary
- •Computers
- •Vocabulary
- •The Internet: Pros and Cons
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit 8 youth problems Teens' Problems
- •Vocabulary Questions
- •Generation Gap
- •Vocabulary
- •Youth Takes More Risks
- •Vocabulary
- •Russian and American Teens
- •Vocabulary
- •Success in Life
- •Vocabulary
- •Teenagers and Money
- •Vocabulary
- •Teenagers in Great Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •Teenage Groups and Movements
- •Vocabulary
- •International Youth Contacts
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit 9 our enviroment Animals
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Pollution
- •Vocabulary
- •Environmental Problems
- •Vocabulary
- •How to Help Our Planet
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit 10 education and career Choosing a Career
- •Vocabulary
- •My Future Profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Unit 11 sport and health Sports in Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •Sports in America
- •Vocabulary Questions
- •Olympic Games
- •Vocabulary
- •Sports in Russia
- •Vocabulary
- •To Watch or to Participate?
- •Vocabulary
- •Sports: For and Against
- •Vocabulary
- •My Favourite Sport
- •Vocabulary Dialogues
- •Writing
- •Список использованных источников
- •Оглавление
rainfall
—
атмосферные осадки
irrigation
—
орошение,
ирригация
dry-farming
— сухое земледелие,
grazing
— содержание скота на
пастбище,
на подножном корму
several
—
несколько
crop
— урожай
Americans
— Обратите
внимание:
названия
национальностей могут
употребляться
как с определенным
артиклем, так
и без артикля
wheat
—
пшеница
cotton
— хлопок
cattle
breeding
— разведение крупного
рогатого
скота
conditions
— условия
temperate
—
умеренный
extremely
— чрезвычайно,
очень
particularly
— особенно
seaboard
—
морское
побережье
to
determine
— определять
range
—
цепь
favourable
—
благоприятный
agriculture
— сельское хозяйство
beyond
— за, по ту сторону
vast
—
обширный
dry
—
сухой, засушливый
to
extend
— простираться, тянуться
farther
— дальше
wet
— влажный
on
the whole
— в
целом
to
resemble
— иметь
сходство,
boundary
—
граница
Vocabulary
Americans can gather several
crops a year. They grow wheat and corn (in the north and the
northeast), tobacco and cotton (in the southeast), grapes (in the
west). In the west cattle breeding is popular (sheep, cows). On the
whole agricultural conditions are very favourable.
1. How can you characterize the climate of the USA? 2. What are the coldest regions in the USA? 3. What are "the hottest regions? 4. What regions are the wettest? 5. What region is very dry? 6. Can you compare the agricultural conditions in Russia and in the USA? 7. Compare the climate in the USA and in Russia. Are they different or alike? Why? 8. What kind of weather do you like best of all?
American Government
The United States is a representative democracy. All government power rests ultimately with the people who direct policies by voting for government representatives. The nation's Constitution defines the powers of national and state governments, the functions and framework of each branch of government, and the rights of individual citizens.
The principle of limited government is basic to the Constitution. When the Constitution was first written, many Americans feared that government power could become concentrated in the hands of a few. Several features were created to guard against this possibility: 1) the federal organization of government; 2) the separation of powers among different branches of government; and 3) a system of check and balances to restrict the powers of each branch.
Under
federalism, the principle of limited government was achieved by
dividing authority between the central government and the individual
states. The federal (national) government has powers over areas of
wide concern. For example, it has the power to control
communications among states, provide for the national defense and
Questions
Besides the division of power between state and national governments, power is also limited by the separation of power among three branches — legislative, executive and judicial.
The legislative branch is made up of representatives elected to Congress, which consists of two Houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Senate is not elected nation-widely. Each state, regardless of population, sends two representatives to the Senate. Every two years 1/3 of the Senate stands for election. The vice-president presides over the Senate. However, he may vote only in the event of a tic.
The members of the House of Representatives are elected in proportion to the population, thus the most heavily populated states have more representatives than the sparsely populated states. Each representative is elected to a two-year term. The official presiding in the House is called a speaker.
The main function of the legislative branch is to make laws. Congress has also the power to tax people, to create a courts system and to declare a war. But the power of Congress is limited. The Supreme Court has the power to declare a law made by Congress unconstitutional.
The executive power is vested into the President and his Cabinet that has 14 executive departments and independent government agencies. The President is elected to a four-year term and can be re-elected to a second term. The Constitution gives the President many important powers and duties. As chief executive, the President appoints heads of federal departments and federal judges, puts into life laws made by Congress, calls sessions and delivers messages to Congress. He can veto any bill adopted by Congress. As head of state, the President represents the country abroad, entertains foreign leaders and addresses the public. The President also serves as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and as head of his political party. The President starts his duties after the inauguration day than takes place at the end of January.
In the USA the President and Congress are elected separately housed separately, and they operate separately.
The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, whose nine members are appointed for life. Under the Supreme Count there are many state and federal courts. An important function of the judicial branch is to determine whether laws of Congress or actions of President violate the Constitution. The decisions in the Supreme Court are taken by the simple majority, but it's necessary that six judges should be present. The decisions of Supreme Count are final and are not subject to appeal.