The second layer of Latin borrowings in Old English

Area	Latin	Meaning	OE	Mod E
Representatives of new religion	papa episcopus presbyter clericus monachus nonna	pope bishop priest priest monk nun	papa biscop prēost cleric munuc nunna	pope bishop priest clerk monk nun
New religious notions	monasterium altare diabolus credo offirre	monastery altar devil creed offer	munster altare deofol creda offrian	minster altar devil creed offer
Education	magister schola	master, teacher school	mæester scōl	master school

The total number of Latin loan-words in OE exceeds five hundred, this third layer accounting for over four hundred words.

After the introduction of Christianity many monastic schools were set up in Britain. The spread of education led to the wider use of Latin: teaching was conducted in Latin, or consisted of learning Latin. The written forms of OE developed in translations of Latin texts. These conditions are reflected in a large number of borrowings connected with education, and also words of a more academic, "bookish" character. Unlike the earlier borrowings scholarly words were largely adopted through books; they were first used in OE translations from Latin, e.g.: OE fers ‘verse’ < L versus; OE dihtan ‘compose’ < L dictare. Other modern descendants of this group are: accent, grammar, meter, gloss, notary; decline.

The Latin impact on the OE vocabulary was not restricted to borrowing of words. There were also other aspects of influence. The most important of them is the appearance of the so-called "translation-loans" – words and phrases created on the pattern of Latin words as their literal translations. The earliest instances of translation-loans are names of the days of the week found not only in OE but also in other Germanic languages: OE Mōnan-dæ ‘Monday’ ('day of the moon') < L Lunae dies); Tiwes-dæ ‘Tuesday’ ('day of Tiw') < L Mortis dies (Tiw is the name of a Teutonic god corresponding to Roman Mars). The procedure was to substitute the name of the corresponding Germanic god for the god of the Romans. Other translation-loans of the type were OE ōdspell ‘gospel’ (literally‘good tidings’) < L euangelium; OE þriness (lit. ‘three-ness’) ‘Trinity’.

In late OE, many new terms were coined from native elements according to Latin models as translation-loans: OE eorþbiena ‘inhabitant of the earth' < L terricola; OE oldsmiþ ‘goldsmith’(‘worker in gold’) < L aurifex; OE tunolcræft ‘astronomy’, lit. ‘the knowledge of stars’ < L astronomos.