- •2 Communicating over the Network
- •2.0 Chapter Introduction
- •2.0.1 Chapter Introduction Page 1:
- •2.1 The Platform for Communications
- •2.1.1 The Elements of Communication Page 1:
- •2.1.2 Communicating the Messages Page 1:
- •2.1.3 Components of the Network Page 1:
- •2.1.4 End Devices and their Role on the Network Page 1:
- •2.1.5 Intermediary Devices and their Role on the Network Page 1:
- •2.1.6 Network Media Page 1:
- •2.2 LaNs, waNs, and Internetworks
- •2.2.1 Local Area Networks Page 1:
- •2.2.2 Wide Area Networks Page 1:
- •2.2.3 The Internet - a Network of Networks Page 1:
- •Internetwork
- •Intranet
- •2.2.4 Network Representations Page 1:
- •2.2.5 Activity - Using NeoTrace™ to View Internetworks Page 1:
- •2.3 Protocols
- •2.3.1 Rules that Govern Communications Page 1:
- •2.3.2 Network Protocols Page 1:
- •2.3.3 Protocol Suites and Industry Standards Page 1:
- •2.3.4 The Interaction of Protocols Page 1:
- •Internetwork Protocol:
- •2.3.5 Technology Independent Protocols Page 1:
- •2.4 Using Layered Models
- •2.4.1 The Benefits of Using a Layered Model Page 1:
- •2.4.2 Protocol and Reference Models Page 1:
- •2.4.3 The tcp/ip Model Page 1:
- •2.4.4 The Communication Process Page 1:
- •2.4.5 Protocol Data Units and Encapsulation Page 1:
- •2.4.6 The Sending and Receiving Process Page 1:
- •2.4.7 The osi Model Page 1:
- •2.4.8 Comparing the osi Model with the tcp/ip Model Page 1:
- •2.5 Network Addressing
- •2.5.1 Addressing in the Network Page 1:
- •2.5.2 Getting the Data to the End Device Page 1:
- •2.5.3 Getting the Data through the Internetwork Page 1:
- •2.5.4 Getting the Data to the Right Application Page 1:
- •2.5.5 Warriors of the Net Page 1:
- •2.6 Chapter Labs
- •2.6.1 Lab: Topology Orientation and Building a Small Network Page 1:
- •2.6.2 Lab: Using Wireshark™ to View Protocol Data Units Page 1:
- •2.7 Chapter Summary
- •2.7.1 Summary and Review Page 1:
- •2.8 Chapter Quiz
- •2.8.1 Chapter Quiz Page 1:
2.4.8 Comparing the osi Model with the tcp/ip Model Page 1:
The protocols that make up the TCP/IP protocol suite can be described in terms of the OSI reference model. In the OSI model, the Network Access layer and the Application layer of the TCP/IP model are further divided to describe discreet functions that need to occur at these layers.
At the Network Access Layer, the TCP/IP protocol suite does not specify which protocols to use when transmitting over a physical medium; it only describes the handoff from the Internet Layer to the physical network protocols. The OSI Layers 1 and 2 discuss the necessary procedures to access the media and the physical means to send data over a network.
The key parallels between the two network models occur at the OSI model Layers 3 and 4. OSI Model Layer 3, the Network layer, almost universally is used to discuss and document the range of processes that occur in all data networks to address and route messages through an internetwork. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the TCP/IP suite protocol that includes the functionality described at Layer 3.
Layer 4, the Transport layer of the OSI model, is often used to describe general services or functions that manage individual conversations between source and destination hosts. These functions include acknowledgement, error recovery, and sequencing. At this layer, the TCP/IP protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provide the necessary functionality.
The TCP/IP Application layer includes a number of protocols that provide specific functionality to a variety of end user applications. The OSI model Layers 5, 6 and 7 are used as references for application software developers and vendors to produce products that need to access networks for communications.
2.4.8 - Comparing the O S I Model with the TCP/IP Model The diagram depicts the O S I and TCP/IP models. It compares the layers of the seven-layer O S I model to those of the four-layer TCP/IP model. The key parallels between the two models are in the Transport and Network Layers. The functions of O S I Layers 5, 6, and 7 are included in the TCP/IP Application Layer. O S I Layer 4 is comparable to the TCP/IP Transport Layer. O S I Layer 3 is comparable to the TCP/IP Internet Layer. The functions of O S I Layers 1 and 2 are included in the TCP/IP Network Access Layer. O S I Layer 7. Application relates to TCP/IP Layer 4 Application. O S I Layer 6. Presentation relates to TCP/IP Layer 4 Application. O S I Layer 5. Session relates to TCP/IP Layer 4 Application. O S I Layer 4. Transport relates to TCP/IP Layer 3 Transport. O S I Layer 3. Network relates to TCP/IP Layer 2 Internet. O S I Layer 2. Data Link relates to TCP/IP Layer 1 Network Access. O S I Layer 1. Physical relates to TCP/IP Layer 1 Network Access.
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In this activity, you will see how Packet Tracer uses the OSI Model as a reference to display the encapsulation details of a variety of the TCP/IP protocols.
Click the Packet Tracer icon for more details.
2.4.8 - Comparing the O S I Model with the TCP/IP Model Link to Packet Tracer Activity: Use of the TCP/IP Protocols and the O S I Model in Packet Tracer In this activity, you see how Packet Tracer uses the O S I Model as a reference to display the encapsulation details of several TCP/IP protocols.