22. Указательные местоимения

this / these — этот / эти

that / those — тот / те

Обозначают предмет или лицо, находящееся близко

This cat here is mine.

These children live here.

Обозначают предмет или лицо, находящееся на расстоянии

That cat over there is yours.

Those people worked at that plant.

Обозначают настоящее и

будущее

I'm leaving Moscow this week.

Обозначают прошлое

That week I had exams.

Вопросительные

местоимения:

who, whom, which, what

Относительные

местоимения:

who, whom, that, which, what

Используются в вопросах:

Используются для связи глав­ного и придаточного предложений

Who telephoned?

The woman who is standing near the window is a doctor.

What did you say?

Which is your brother?

The door, which was bright red, was very conspicuous.

Have you found the book that was missing?

Which — о вещах и о людях

Which / that — о вещах

Which bus goes to the city cen-

Where is the tea that /which was

tre? Which boy can lift this box?

in my cup?

Who / that — о людях

A baker is someone who makes

bread. The girl who / that lives

in this house is my friend.

Обратите внимание,

что that не может заменять

who и which в определительных

придаточных extra information,

отделяемых запятыми!

Можно не использовать отно-

сительные местоимения, если

они — дополнения придаточ-

ного предложения (между от-

носительным местоимением и

сказуемым есть подлежащее)

The man (who / that / whom) I

wanted to see was away.

The man who wanted to see me

was downstairs.

Who или whom?

Who или whom?

В разговорном английском

В разговорном английском

предпочтительно who. После

предпочтительно who. Обратите

предлога обязательно упот-

внимание, что перед

ребление whom. В специаль-

whom возможен предлог, перед

ных вопросах используется

who — нет!

Whom или Who + предлог в

The boy with whom I fell in love

конце предложения.

was very eccentric. = The boy

who I fell in love with was very

eccentric. = The boy I fell in

love with was very eccentric

Which или what?

Which — когда стоит пробле­ма выбора

Which apple would you like?

Which children were ready on lime?

Which, a не what!

Bob is out, which makes it im­possible to see him right now. She failed her exam, which was a shock.

Запомните выражения:

• the day / the year / the time something happens или that something happens:

I can remember the day (that) we got married.

• the reason something happens или that / why something hap­pens:

The reason (that / why) I have come to you is to have a talk.