- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Ecology & environment
- •1. Read the following quotes. What are they all about?
- •Environment
- •2. Find in the text and write down the words that you can understand without translation (I.E. International words; for example, biology …).
- •3. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •Ecology
- •8. What are the subjects of the following sciences mentioned in the text? Make up sentences by matching columns:
- •10. Answer the following questions:
- •Ecology
- •Unit 2. History of ecology
- •2. Look through the text and find the ecological and biological terms you are already familiar with from the previous unit. Give their definitions.
- •3. Find in the text international words, read and translate them.
- •4. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •5. Read the following English word combinations and supply the Russian equivalents:
- •6. Replace the following by one word. Use the text «History of ecology» if necessary.
- •7. Here are the names of several famous scientists mentioned in the text. They are:
- •8. Translate the verbs underlined in the text «History of ecology». Pay attention to the tenses they are used in.
- •9. Read the text, translate it (using a dictionary if necessary) and draw a table showing the main stages in the history of ecology. It can be done in this way:
- •History of ecology
- •Unit 3. Pollution
- •1. Read the sentences. What do they mean?
- •2. Find in the text international words, read and translate them
- •3. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations and write them down:
- •Pollution
- •10. Complete the sentences:
- •11. Look at the boxes and match the suggestions with the results. Then, link the sentences with so that or to and talk about how we can improve the living conditions in our cities:
- •12. Find the right title for each instruction: simple ways you can help save the earth
- •Quiz «How green are you?»
- •Unit 4. Global warming
- •1. Read and comment on the following quote. In your opinion, is global warming reality or is it just a myth?
- •2. Now take this quiz and find out who knows more about global warming!
- •3. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •4. Now complete the following sentences using the words from ex. 3 (not all the words are needed):
- •5. Find English equivalents in the text to the following word combinations, read and write them down:
- •6. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Global Warming
- •Global Warming
- •13. Complete the sentences:
- •14. Answer the following questions:
- •Список используемой литературы
Unit 2. History of ecology
1. Look at the following statements and mark them true or false according to what you think. Compare your answers with your fellow-students and discuss the differences. Make use of the following phrases.
I think so. Far from it.
That’s right. I don’t think so.
I fully agree. I disagree.
1. The term «ecology» is derived from two Greek words meaning a «study of the house», and it has been in use since the 19th century.
2. The term «ecology» was coined in 1866 by the German biologist, Ernst Haeckel.
3. Ecology is the general science that studies living beings.
4. Particular concern of the ecologists is with the higher levels of life organization: from populations to biosphere.
5. The profession of an ecologist hasn’t been very popular until recently.
6. Nowadays much greater attention is given to ecological problems that it has ever been before.
2. Look through the text and find the ecological and biological terms you are already familiar with from the previous unit. Give their definitions.
3. Find in the text international words, read and translate them.
4. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
a) To develop; natural resources; development; to describe; to discover; explorer; discovery; to observe; to launch; relationship; exploratory expedition; breakthrough; flora; fauna; to modify; habitat; to catalog; protection; biodiversity; species; vegetation; to take into account; human; concept; impact; nature.
b) Исследовательские экспедиции; защита; фауна; флора; описывать; наблюдать; среда обитания; биол. вид; исследователь; видоизменять; биологическое многообразие; природные ресурсы; растительность; взаимоотношения, связь; каталогизировать; прорыв; природа; понятие, концепция; воздействие, влияние; человек; учитывать, принимать в расчет; развивать, разрабатывать, развитие; обнаруживать, раскрывать, открывать; открытие; запускать, начинать что-либо.
– Look through the text and see if there are any other useful words that can be added to this vocabulary on the topic «History of Ecology». Write them down. Share your findings with your fellow-students.
– Now use the proper forms of these words to complete the sentences (not all the words will be needed).
1. Alexander von Humboldt … vegetation zones using latitude and altitude.
2. The work of Charles Darwin on The Origin of Species was a real … in the field of ecology.
3. A research program called Man and Biosphere was … by UNESCO in 1971.
4. The principles of ecology have been closely interwined with the ... of other biological disciplines.
5. Many world exploratory expeditions of the 18th-19th centuries were launched to develop maritime commerce, and to … new natural resources.
6. Human intensive exploitation activities greatly … the environment.
7. It’s very important to look at ecology from a global point of view and to take into account … of humans on the Earth's environment.
8. The term … refers to all the plants of a particular place, country or period.