4. Complete the sentences with the correct key vocabulary item:

Name of the explorer

Ivan Yurievich Moskvitin

Vasily Danilovich Poyarkov

Origin

Unknown origin;

In a family of Kashin (Siberia) Cossacks;

Rank

•Cossack from Tomsk;

•Member of Dmitry Kopylov’s team exploring the Yenisey and Lena rivers;

•Head of team, consisting of 31 persons;

•Clerk in the administrative office of Yakutsk;

•Head of the expedition consisting of 130 persons;

Dates of expeditions

1637-1641

1643 -1646

Goals of expeditions

•To find the way to the Sea of Okhotsk, called the ‘Lama Sea’;

•To see unknown lands and describe them;

•To study the life of local peoples;

•To make the local population to take out the Russian citizenship;

•To collect a tribute;

•To reach the Amur river, to research it;

•To see unknown lands and describe them;

•To study the life of local peoples;

•To make the local population to take out the Russian citizenship;

•To collect a tribute;

•To find copper and lead ores;

Route of movement

•Water way down the rivers: Aldan, Maya, Ulya, Okhota, Aldoma;

•Land way, towing boats through taiga;

•Water way on the Sea of Okhotsk;

•Water way down the rivers: Lena, Aldan, Uchur, Gonam;

•Land way, towing boats through the Stanovoy range;

•Water way down the rivers: Zeya Umlekan, and Amur;

Relations with the local population

Unfriendly;

They had several conflicts with the local men.

Unfriendly;

40 Cossacks were killed by the local men, as they were afraid of Cossacks and didn’t want to pay a tribute.

Conditions of the expeditions

Very difficult because of very severe climate and starvation (ate roots, grass, and berries);

Very difficult because of hunger and conflicts with the local residents;

80 members of the expedition were killed and died of starvation.

Discoveries

•Opened the land way to the Pacific;

•Explored the life of the local population and nature;

•Got information about the great ‘Mamur’ (Amur) river;

•Sailed southwards the Sea of Okhotsk;

•Opened the Amur for Russia;

•Explored the life of the local population and nature;

•Researched the water way to the Pacific coast;

•Poyarkov and his team were the first Russians to see Sakhalin and the Amur estuary.

Back way

Up the rivers: Maya, Aldan, Lena;

From the Sea of Okhotsk up the rivers: Ulya, Maya, Aldan, and Lena;

Importance of discoveries for Russia

•Charted a map;

•For the first time the Europeans were on the Pacific coast;

•Russian Tzar got the information about the boundaries of his possessions.

•Built the first Russian stockade on the Pacific coast;

•Opened the Russian Pacific epoch

•Charted a map;

•Was the first to see the Amur territory called ‘Dauria’

•Discovered a new water way to the Pacific ocean, important not only for Russia, but for Europe too;

• Described the Amur river, nature, indigenous peoples, their way of life and crafts;

Recognition of merits

•Got monetary gratification and a length of fabric;

•Cape near Magadan was named in his honor;

•Monument in Ulya town;

•Was appointed head of Yakutsk;

•One of district centers of the Amur oblast was named in honor of V. Poyarkov.