Модуль IV Иностранный язык для делового общения (56 ч.)

Цель данного модуля - сформировать основы делового общения в устных и письменных формах.

Модуль включает четыре тематических раздела: «Деловое общение по телефону», «Деловая переписка», «Устройство на работу», «Публичные выступления». Каждый раздел рассчитан на 8 аудиторных занятий, включает словарь, основной и дополнительный тексты, а также задания, направленные на развитие диалогической и монологической речи. После изучения каждой темы студент должен уметь представить устное монологическое сообщение и вести беседу по данной теме.

В течение данного модуля отрабатываются такие грамматические темы, как «Условные предложения», «Фразовые глаголы».

TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION

I. Study the list of topical vocabulary to avoid the difficulties in understanding the text of this unit. Consult a dictionary to pronounce the words correctly.

Directory _n – телефонный справочник

engaged _adj – занят (о телефоне, линии)

feedback _n – обратная связь

get through _{ph v} – дозвониться

hang up _{ph v} – положить трубку

receiver _n – зд. Телефонная трубка

toll-free call – бесплатный звонок

II. Read and translate into Russian the following international words and word combinations. Make up sentences using them.

Colleague, partner, to finish, to be interested in, civilized, office, service, ambulance, police, accurate, detail, date, alphabet, figure, separately, zero, double, speaker, tone, conflict, to monitor, normally, reason, nonverbal, to show, to control, emotion, minimize, potential, organization.

III. Read and translate the text, say what its main points are.

TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION

The telephone is a necessary means of communication in business.

When you need to telephone your colleague or partner (or call him, ring him, give him a ring), you dial his phone number which can be found in the directory. The phone will ring, and your colleague will answer it by picking up the receiver. If he is busy he may ask you to call back later. If he is already on the phone when you call him, his number is engaged (busy – A. E.) and you cannot get through. When he finishes speaking to you, he should hang up.

Many telephone numbers – mostly related to businesses or governmental offices – are prefixed by 800. These numbers provide free customer service because many companies are interested in getting new customers. In most civilized countries emergency numbers (ambulance, police, fire) are also toll-free calls. (To place an emergency telephone call in the USA, for example, you should dial 911 or 0.)

Making a telephone call is not always easy, especially if you do not know the person on the other end of the line very well. Phone messages must be accurate and complete. Taking them demands both writing and listening skills particularly when a caller is speaking quickly.

Asking callers to repeat a message can help, and there is really no need to be embarrassed about it. Even people who have spoken a language all their lives ask each other to repeat things.

Example of the message To: Jason Bennet. 21 Oct. Message: Mr. Anthony Hole called from Ontario, Canada. Call him today before 6 p. m. or any time tomorrow at 535 42 34 about rearrangements for meeting. Message taken by: Helen Green.

Completing telephone messages usually includes important details such as names, dates, telephone numbers. When spelling names or words over the telephone in English you need to know well the British telephone alphabet * – the list of easily distinguishable words, each representing a letter of the alphabet. When pronouncing telephone number, you should call out each figure separately: 587843 – five-eight-seven-eight-four-three. For zero you read “ou”. If a figure is used twice in a number, you use the word “double”, for example, 551273 – double five-one-two-seven –three, 8888 – double eight-double eight, 333564 – double three-three-five-six-four.

Making requests on the telephone, English speakers show politeness in several ways. Speaking with a friendly tone of voice usually does a trick. Sometimes there are even conflicts related to tone. They tend to occur more often in telephone communication than in face-to-face conversations. When using the telephone, many people do not care to monitor their tone and often express irritation in their voice that they would normally try to avoid when speaking face-to-face. There may be several reasons for this. Telephone conversation is less personal than face-to-face one. Since we cannot get nonverbal feedback from the person we are talking to, we may tend to express our displeasure more openly on the phone. This shows how important controlling tone and emotions are in minimizing conflicts with colleagues, potential customers, or people in other organization.

* British telephone alphabet

A – for Andrew B – for Benjamin C – for Charlie D – for David E – for Edward F – for Frederick G – for George H – for Harry I – for Isaac

J – for Jack K – for King L – for Lucy M – for Mary N – for Nelly O – for Oliver P – for Peter Q – for Queen R – for Robert

S – for Sugar T – for Tommy U – for Unde V – for Victory W – for William X – for Xmas Y – for Yellow Z – for Zebra

IV. Read the sentences, substitute the underlined words by the synonyms from the box.

engaged, to call, to control, partner, especially

1. Your colleague will answer a telephone call by picking up the receiver.

2. When you need to telephone somebody you look for his phone number in the directory.

3. If a person is speaking on the phone when you call him, his number is busy.

4. Taking messages demands both writing and listening skills particularly when a caller is speaking quickly.

5. When using the telephone, many people do not care to monitor a tone of the voice.

V. Practice in using phrasal verbs and insert the proper adverbs.

1. When the phone rings, pick … the receiver.

2. If you are busy I can call you … later.

3. I dialed his number several times, but I can’t get … .

4. Please, stop speaking on the phone, hang … !

5. When pronouncing telephone number, you should call … each figure separately.

through, out, back, up (2)

VI. Answer the following questions.

1. What is a telephone directory?

2. What is called toll-free number?

3. What numbers should you dial in an emergency situation – in Russia, in the USA? What are the examples of emergency?

4. What skills are particularly important when taking messages on the phone?

5. What is necessary to remember when pronouncing telephone numbers and spelling names or words over the telephone in the English language?

6. How to avoid conflicts speaking on the phone?

VII. Complete the statements using the information from the text or your own experience.

1. If you pronounce a number in which 7 is used twice … .

1. To place an emergency telephone call in the USA … .

2. To place an emergency telephone call in Russia … .

3. If a surname is difficult to write …

4. Use a friendly tone of the voice if … .

5. Conflicts related to tone occur because … .

6. If you control tone and emotions speaking on the phone … .

VIII. Practice in making up telephone calls using the phrases below.

Outgoing call	Incoming call
1. Self-identification My name is Kim Forbs. I’m from Leeds. This is Linda Mayson.	1. Company identification Hewlett-Packard Company. Good morning.
2. Explanation of the purpose of call Can I speak to Mr. Black, please? Can you put me through to Mr. Black? I’m interested in … . I’m calling to ask about … .	2. Self-identification Sam Beckham. Sam Beckham speaking.
3. Leaving a message Can you give … a message? Could you ask Mr. Black to call me (when he gets back)? Could you tell Mr. Black I’ll call later? When can I reach him? Can I speak to somebody else?	3. Helping the caller Can I help you? Who would you like to speak to? Who’s calling, please? What company are you from?
4. Making appointment I’d like to make an appointment at 3 p. m. I call Mr. Black to make an appointment at 10 o’clock on Friday.	4. Connecting the caller Just a minute/second/moment, please. Hold the line, please. I’ll put you through.
5. Changing appointment Can we arrange a meeting some time next week? I’m afraid I can’t come on that day. Could we fix another day?	5. Explaining that someone is not available I’m afraid Mr. Black is not available at this moment. I’m afraid Mr. Black is out. I’m sorry, his/her line is engaged.
6. Canceling appointment I’d like to cancel my appointment tomorrow. I’ll call Mr. Black back to make another appointment.	6. Alternative actions Can you call/ring/phone back later? Would you like to leave a message? Can I take a message?

IX. Act out telephone conversations.

Act out telephone conversations and translate them.

A

Secretary: Good morning. General Electronics. How can I help you?

Mr Newman: Hello. My name is Ted Newman. I’d like to speak to Mr Robbins, please.

Secretary: Please, hold the line, Mr Newman. I’ll put you through.

She is contacting her boss.

Secretary: Mr Newman is on the line.

Mr Robbins: Put him through.

She is putting Mr Newman through.

Mr Robbins: Hello, Mr Newman.

Mr Newman: Hello, Mr Robbins. How are you?

Mr Robbins: I’m very well, thank you. How are you?

Mr Newman: I’m fine. I’m calling about our meeting.

Mr Robbins: Yes. I’m ready to see you in an hour.

Mr Newman: Thank you.

B

Mrs Farris: Hello.

Man: Speaking. Who is this?

Mrs Farris: I’d like to speak to Mrs Casper.

Man: You’ve got the wrong number. What number do you dial? This is a private residence.

Mrs Farris: I’m sorry.

Mrs Farris dials again. The line is busy. She tries again.

Secretary: Good afternoon. Mrs Casper’s office. How can I help you?

Mrs Farris: This is Helen Farris from Dosco Ltd. May I have a word with Mrs Casper?

Secretary: I’m afraid Mrs Casper is not available at this moment.

Mrs Farris: I’d like to arrange a meeting some time next week.

Secretary: Well, Mrs Casper can see you at 11 o’clock on Friday. Is that all right?

Mrs Farris: I’m afraid I can’t come on that day. Could we fix another day? Tuesday?

Secretary: No, I’m sorry. On Tuesday she has a meeting in the morning.

Mrs Farris: Well, is the afternoon possible?

Secretary: Yes, five o’clock p.m. is the best time.

Mrs Farris: All right. Thank you.

Secretary: Good-bye.

C

Secretary: Hello, this is Mr Green’s secretary. What can I do for you?

Mr McGregor: Could I speak to Mr Green?

Secretary: Who’s calling, please?

Mr McGregor: My name is Vincent McGregor. I’m from Hewlett-Packard Company.

Secretary: I’m afraid Mr Green is not in the office at the moment. He is in a meeting right now. Can I give him a message?

Mr McGregor: No, thank you. I’ll phone again. When do you think he will be back?

Secretary: Not until 4 p.m. I’m afraid.

Mr McGregor: Oh, what a pity! I’m calling to confirm our appointment for Monday morning 10 o’clock.

Secretary: All right, I’ll find out and confirm it today at 5 p.m.

Mr McGregor: Thank you very much!

Secretary: Let me put down your number.

Mr McGregor: The number is 8 923 605. Then 88 72.

Secretary: How do you spell your name?

Mr McGregor: It’s M-C-G-R-E-G-O-R.

Secretary: Thank you. Good-bye.

X. Act out telephone conversations and give English equivalents to the Russian phrases.

A

A: Hello. The NAVA Company.

B: Здравствуйте, меня зовут Елена Березина. Могу я поговорить с г-ном Фишером?

A: Сожалею, г-н Фишер находится в командировке.

B: Когда он вернется?

A: Боюсь, его не будет до понедельника.

B: Could I leave him a message, please?

A: Sure.

B: I would like to cancel our appointment on Thursday.

A: Может, мы назначим встречу в другой день.

B: Это было бы отлично.

A: Пятница, 10 часов Вам подойдет?

B: Да, спасибо большое.

A: Как пишется по буквам Ваше имя?

B: It’s B-E-R-E-Z-I-N-A. Helen.

A: Очень хорошо. До свидания.

B: Спасибо. До свидания.

B

A: Здравствуйте, офис г-на Блэка.

B: Здравствуйте. Это звонит Иван Попов. Могу ли я поговорить с г-ном Блэком?

A: Боюсь, он сейчас занят. Могу ли я Вам помочь?

B: Can I speak to somebody else? I left my resume to Mr Black. So, I’d like to know if he schedules an interview with me.

A: Я могла бы соединить Вас с менеджером по персоналу.

B: Да, спасибо.

A: Минуточку.

She is putting Ivan Popov through Personnel Manager.

А: Go ahead, please.

B: Алло…

С: Hello. Personnel Manager speaking.

B: Доброе утро. Я хотел бы работать в Вашей компании. Я оставил свое резюме в среду.

С: Как Вас зовут?

B: Иван Попов.

С: Скажите свое имя по буквам.

B: It’s P-O-P-O-V. My first name is I-V-A-N.

С: Спасибо. Ваше резюме довольно хорошее. У Вас трехлетний опыт работы в сфере маркетинга. На какую должность вы претендуете?

B: Market Analyst.

С: Хорошо, мы можем назначить собеседование на вторник. 11 часов Вас устроит?

B: Сожалею, у меня визит к доктору в 11. Можем ли мы назначить встречу на 2 часа дня?

С: Конечно. Офис № 17. Возьмите диплом и квалификационные сертификаты с собой.

B: Хорошо. Спасибо большое. До свидания.

XI. Work in pairs and make up telephone calls according to the following situations.

• You call your deputy and tell that you’ll be at your office only tomorrow at ten o’clock.

• You call the secretary of the vice-president in your company to make an appointment for next Thursday.

• You call your immediate subordinate to cancel an appointment.

• You call your manager to say that you are ill and cannot come to work.

• You are a secretary of some manufacturing firm and the client on the phone speaks too quickly.

WRITING BUSINESS LETTERS

I. Study the list of topical vocabulary to avoid the difficulties in understanding the text of this unit. Consult a dictionary to pronounce the words correctly.

Body of the letter – текст письма

complimentary close – заключительная формула вежливости

correspondence _n – переписка

correspondent _n – получатель

double space – двойной интервал

enclosure _n – приложение

greeting _n – приветствие

inside address – внутренний адрес

message _n – сообщение

paragraph _n – абзац

(introductory paragraph – вводный абзац

main paragraph – основной абзац

concluding paragraph – заключительный абзац)

printed company form – фирменный бланк

sender’s return address – обратный адрес отправителя

signature _n – подпись

subject line – тема письма

II. Read and translate into Russian the following international words and word combinations. Make up sentences using them.

Normal business activity, telephone number, e-mail address, communication, personal contacts, international, business correspondence, standard, personal signature, company logo, address, to address, to stress, style, natural, author, position, punctuation, abbreviation, catalogue, copy of cheque, certificate, contract, document.

III. Read and translate the text, say what its main points are.

WRITING BUSINESS LETTERS

Writing business letters is very important for normal business activity. Nowadays writing letters is more popular than ever before due to the Internet. In business people prefer to use e-mail than telephone communication, because it takes a lot of time to deal with the huge number of personal contacts. Besides, e-mail helps to work with foreign colleagues or international companies. Business correspondence serves to order a product, to provide or request information, to complain about something etc.

Sometimes business letters are written on printed company forms.

The typical business letter consists of the following standard parts:

• the heading (including the date)

• the inside address

• the greeting

• the body of the letter

• the complimentary close

• the signature.

All these parts are separated with a double space. This way of typing letter on a computer is called the block format.

The heading contains the name of the company or a company logo, the postal address, the telephone number(s), the number of fax and e-mail address. Also the heading includes the date. The date is typed two spaces below the sender’s return address, always on the right-hand side.

The inside address is the address of the person or company receiving the letter. The name and address of the company to which a letter is written are usually typed on the left-hand side.

The greeting (salutation) follows two spaces below the inside address with the words Dear Sir(s), Dear Mr. Jones, Dear Ms Jones or Dear Dr Thomson. Very often comma is typed after the greeting.

Sometimes the writer places the subject line between the greeting and the body of the letter. The subject line helps to stress the purpose of a letter.

The body of the letter contains a message. The style of the business letter is formal. The language should be clear and natural. Sentences and paragraphs shouldn’t be too long. As business letters are written on behalf of a firm or company, the plural pronouns we and our are preferred to the singular ones I or my. Also the short forms such as we’ll or we’ve should be avoided in all formal letters.

The body of the letter consists of the introductory, main and concluding paragraphs. To separate different logical parts more effectively, additional spacing is used between paragraphs. In the introductory paragraph the author may refer to any previous correspondence or conversations, mention the sources of information and the reasons for writing the letter. The main paragraph gives information and facts concerning the subject of the letter. If there are some problems to describe in the main part, it is common to start a new paragraph for each idea or subject. In the concluding paragraph it is usual to express the hope for prospect collaboration or future success in business of the sender and correspondent.

The complimentary close is a way to express respect at the end of a business letter. The most common expressions used for the complimentary close are Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely.

A letter on paper should always be signed by hand and in ink, because a signature is a personal mark of the author. Below the personal signature it is necessary to type the name of the author, his position in the company or the name of the department he represents.

It is common to place the complimentary close, the personal and the typed signature on the left-hand side of the letter.

In a modern business letter, punctuation is used only in the sentences and in some abbreviations. There is no punctuation in the heading, the date or after the typed signature.

If there are enclosures, the abbreviation Encl. is typed in the bottom left-hand corner, with a short description of the enclosure (resume, price list, catalogue, copies of cheques, certificates, contracts, documents etc.).

IV. Read the sentences, substitute the underlined words by the synonyms from the box.

enclosures, to stress, correspondent, inside address, correspondence

1. Business letter serves to order a product, to provide or request information, to complain about something etc.

2. The address of the person or company receiving the letter is usually typed on the left-hand side.

3. For the person receiving the letter it is usual to write a greeting such as Dear Mr or Dear Sir.

4. The subject line helps to emphasize the purpose of a letter.

5. If there are materials along with the letter, the abbreviation Encl. is typed in the bottom left-hand corner.

V. Insert the proper prepositions.

13: between (1) by (1) for (2) in (1) of (4) on (2) to (1) with (1)

1. Writing business letters is very important … normal business activity.

2. Sometimes business letters are written … printed company forms.

3. The typical business letter consists … some standard parts.

4. All parts of a business letter are separated … a double space.

5. The name and address … the company to which a letter is written are usually typed … the left-hand side.

6. Sometimes the writer places the subject line … the greeting and the body of the letter.

7. In the introductory paragraph the author may refer … any previous correspondence or conversations, mention the sources … information and the reasons … writing the letter.

8. A letter on paper should always be signed … hand and … ink, because a signature is a personal mark … the author.

VI. Make the following sentences complete by translating the words in brackets.

1. The way of typing letter on a computer (с двойным интервалом) is called the block format.

2. The heading contains the (название компании) or a (логотип компании), the postal (адрес), the (номер телефона), the number of fax and (электронный адрес).

3. The date is typed two spaces below the (обратный адрес отправителя), always on the right-hand side.

4. The language of a (деловое письмо) should be (ясный) and (естественный).

5. As business letters are written (от лица фирмы или компании), the plural pronouns we and our are preferred to the singular ones I or my. Also the short forms such as we’ll or we’ve (следует избегать) in all formal and business letters.

6. The body of the letter consists of the (вступительный, основной и заключительный) paragraphs.

7. (Чтобы выделить) different logical parts more effectively, additional spacing is used (между абзацами).

8. (Принято) to start a new paragraph for each idea or (тема).

9. In the concluding paragraph it is usual to express (надежду на сотрудничество в будущем) or future success in business (для отправителя и получателя).

10. (Самые распространённые) expressions used for the complimentary close are Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely.

VII. Answer the following questions.

1. Why do people write business letters?

2. What are the main parts of a business letter?

3. What are the rules to be followed while typing or composing a business letter on a computer?

4. What is the heading? Where is it written?

5. Where is the inside address written?

6. What is the common greeting in a business letter?

7. What does the body of the letter consist of? What are the aims of different paragraphs?

8. What can you say about the language and style of business letters?

9. What is the most common complimentary close in a business letter?

10. What can be enclosed along with a business letter?

VIII. Read and translate the sample of a business letter. For more samples turn to Appendix 1.

	University of Wales Swansea Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales, UK Telephone: 01792 205 678 22 February 2006
Goldsmiths College University of London New Cross London SE14 6NW England, UK Telephone: 0171 919 7171
Dear Dr Gregory, Thank you for your letter dated 3 March 2010. We were very pleased to know about your interest in participating in the XI International Scientific Conference Modern Ecological Problems. We are happy to inform you that we included your report into the Programme of the Conference. We are sure that your participation will contribute much to the success of the Conference. We hope our personal contact with you will be useful for the exchange of scientific information. We would like to draw your attention to the terms of presenting your report. We are planning to provide a room for your presentation and discussion of your recent scientific research on the 15th of May 2010. We would appreciate if you inform us about your visit in advance: we would be glad to meet you in the airport and deliver to the hotel. We enclose the Programme of the Conference to your convenience. Please do not hesitate to write if you require any additional information. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, ς. βαδιηζ George Bedingfield Conference Chairman Encl.: Programme of the XI International Scientific Conference

IX. Compose the letter below placing its parts in the proper order. To practise in composing business letters turn to Appendix 2.

We write to inform you that we developed a new device at our University (Loughborough) that can identify tiny amounts of explosive particles – invisible to the naked eye. It could provide the solution to better protecting the travelling public from acts of terrorism. Created by Professor John Tyrer from the University’s Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, along with colleagues from the Department of Chemistry, the device is currently undergoing field trials at a number of undisclosed locations across the country.

We would be grateful to receive a prompt reply.

If you think our work is worth being spoken about, we would like to ask you to give us a chance to present it. We would appreciate your attention to our research.

In the recent issue of Chemical Review we have found information on the Scientific Conference New Discoveries in Science to be held in Swansea. We are looking forward to reporting our new discovery and discussing it with the scientific public.

13 May 2010

Daniel Hatchette Chemistry Department

Dear Dr Smith,

Chemistry Department Loughborough University Leichestershire LE11 3TU UK Telephone: +44 (0)1509 223 522 Fax: +44 (0)1509 223 905

University of Wales Swansea Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP Wales, UK Telephone: 01792 205 678

X. Write a business letter using the typical ways of beginning and finishing a letter.

Introductory paragraph:

1. In reply to your letter of 14 February 2010 …

1. Thank you for your letter dated 14 February 2010 …

2. We were delighted to receive your letter of 14 February 2010 …

3. Further to our telephone conversation last month …

4. We have heard from … that you …

5. We have noticed your job advertisement in … dated …

6. We were pleased to know about your interest in …

Main paragraph:

1. We are writing to confirm our wish to take part in …

1. I am writing to confirm our wish to apply for the position of …

2. Would you please inform us (let us know) as soon as possible if …

3. We would like to have further details about …

4. In connection with this …

5. We are attaching some information about …

Concluding paragraph:

1. We look forward to your early reply.

1. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

2. Your prompt answer would be appreciated.

3. Thank you for your time and trouble.

4. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us.

5. Please do not hesitate to write if you require any additional information.

XI. Speak on the topic “Writing Business Letters”.

APPENDIX 1

BUSINESS LETTERS

Amelie Mesimaut Office Manager MOC Ltd 12 Fairground Road London W5 8GD England, UK 5 March 2009 VOG Catering Chepstow Place London Wll 9GL Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for the post of Office Administrator as advertised in The Tribune on 21 February, 2009. I came from France but I have been living in England for the last four years. I did an office management course at West London College of Further Education and since then I have been working as an Office Manager for a mail order company in central London. I have experience in dealing with customers and liaising with a dispatch department, because at present these are my duties. However, I am very interested in working as an Office Administrator because this would give me an opportunity to be responsible for a team of employees. I am enclosing my resume and hope that you will find my experience and qualifications suitable for the post. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully Amelie Mesimaut

	Kira Spraut 2544 South Fruitsnake Road, Row Placid, Indiana 54267, USA May 4, 2009
Mr. Robert T. Smith Vice President Indiana Petroleum Company 1143 Broad Street, Row Placid, Indiana 47786, USA
Dear Mr. Smith: Having served for several years as a secretary of a private business, I would like to apply for the position of executive secretary, which you advertised in the Row Placid Journal, April 24, 2009. As a secretary with Kenley Corporation here in Row Placid I was directly responsible to Mr. Haddican, the company’s owner. In addition to typing, filing and taking dictation, I was responsible for scheduling all the Mr. Haddican’s appointments and telephone calls. Generally, I did everything to make Mr. Haddican’s heavy responsibilities easier. Thus I am familiar with the duties of executive secretary and believe I am prepared to anticipate and meet all your expectations. I would appreciate your giving me the opportunity to discuss my qualifications in person. I would be happy to come for an interview at your convenience, and I can be reached after 5 p.m. at 772 1747. Sincerely yours Kira Spraut

	John Bextor 23 Long Lane Bickley Surrey, Bedford MK 40 England, UK 23 March 2009
Personnel Manager Harper & Grant Ltd. 8 Great West Road London W 25 England
Dear Sir, I am writing to ask you if you have a vacancy for a Market Analyst. I am twenty-two years old and have been working in the Sales Department of the Bedford Pharmaceutics Company for the past two years. I am studying Marketing and Business Management at Bedford University and wish to complete my course there, which has another two years to run. The only reason for my seeking new employment is that Bedford Pharmaceutics is moving shortly to another area in the north-west, where its main offices and laboratories are already located. If there is some chance of a vacancy occurring in the nearest future, I would greatly appreciate being given an interview. My present employers would gladly give a reference. I expect your early reply. Yours faithfully John Bextor

	David Simons 12 Daw Lane, Cregagh County Antrim, Belfast, BT6, Northern Ireland, UK 21 February, 2009
General Manager Short Brothers plc 32, Tulse Hill Drive London, SW11, England, UK
Dear Sir, I am writing to apply for the post of Personnel Manager at Short Brothers plc that was advertised in the “Sunday News” on January 15, 2009. From 1990 to 1994 I studied Aerospace engineering at the University of Cambridge and graduated with Bachelor’s degree. The main degree course was concerned with basic mechanical engineering, but there were also a number of optional courses available. I selected Aircraft structures, Aeroelasticity and Electrotechnology and had to submit a short dissertation “Physical configuration of the craft”. On leaving University I was a student for an year at the North York Business College, where I was successful in obtaining diploma in Industrial Management. Courses at this college covered a wide field relevant to the management studies in general, and I was able to supplement my theoretical knowledge with a great deal of practical experience in office management and personnel selection. I took all available opportunities for improving my knowledge of theory and practice in this field. From July 1995 till September 1998 when I left Business College I was employed as a Deputy Personnel Officer with Mr. James Bradley, at Leeds factory. I enjoyed the work for Bradley’s Co very much, as it kept me closely in touch with both engineering and management. But after four years’ experience there, wishing any prospects of promotion I applied for the position of Personnel Manager with Belfast Engineers Ltd. I began to work there in September 1998 and am still employed in the same position. The work is absorbing, but now I feel that at this stage of my career I want to have more responsibility in a large and respectable company. I hope that my education and professional experience will be enough to apply for the position of Personnel Manager at Short Brothers plc. I enclose a copy of my resume, the names and addresses of two people who are prepared to act as my referees. Yours faithfully David Simons
	Pavel Mikhalyov Moscow Publishing Ltd 23, Lenin Prospekt, Moscow, 101111, Russia 5 September 2009
Nick Jonsom New York Times 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018, USA
Dear Sir/Madam, With reference to your letter of 30 May and in confirmation of our conversation with Mr. Ross we would like to let you know that we appreciate your interest and are prepared to send highly qualified specialists within 3 months from the date of signing the relevant contract. You will find a list of specialists attached. We would like you to note that the conditions according to which we are sending our specialists are as follows: 1. The Customer at his own expense will provide the specialists during their stay in New York with: a) adequately furnished offices and living accommodation with air conditioners and refrigerators; b) transport facilities for business trips; 2.The Customer will reimburse the Supplier, Moscow Publishing Ltd, for the following expenses: c) monthly salaries of the specialist and also paid leave; d) air travel expenses for the specialists and their families, tourist (economy) class from Moscow to New York and back; Insurance of the specialists in Russia against professional risks and accidents during their stay in New York. Adequate medical service including hospitalization, if necessary, will be covered by insurance. Payment will be made in accordance with the existing Trade and Payment Agreement between Moscow Publishing Ltd. and American Airlines Plc. The Customer will undertake to open an irrevocable confirmed and divisible Letter of Credit valid until the Contract has been executed and for the amount shown in the Contract. Payment will be effected quarterly against invoices drawn up by the Supplier. All the other terms and conditions will be stated in our Draft Contract. Your early reply would be appreciated. Yours faithfully Pavel Mikhalyov Personnel Manager Encl: A list of specialists to be sent to American Airlines Plc.

	Mary Hopes 5 Torber Road Liverpool, England, UK 25 August 2009
Beldrof Advertising Ltd 251 Massel Street Liverpool, England, UK
Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for the position of secretary, which was advertised in today’s “News”. I took my O-levels in English, History, Geography and French at the Liverpool Blue Coat School and then studied secretarial and commercial subjects at St. Edward’s College. Since leaving that college, I have been working for an advertising company in Liverpool. For the past two years I have been a secretary to the Assistant Manager, Marketing Department. For the personal reasons, however, I would like to find employment in the Tilport area. I enclose a copy of my certificate of St. Edward’s College. I also give you the names and telephones of my referees for information as to my character and ability. You may also apply to my present employers if you wish. I hope that the information I have provided in this letter and enclosures are sufficient for you purposes. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully Mary Hopes Encl: certificate of St. Edward’s College (copy), referees (telephones, addresses)

	Alexander Somov RS Communications 40, Sovetskiy Prospekt Kemerovo, 650001, Russia January 21, 2009
Frank Dorke Personnel Manager CCS Link Ltd 30, Collins Bay Road, Reddendale Kingston, K7M, Canada
Dear Mr. Dorke, Training of personnel for RS Communications in Canada In accordance with Contract № 121 and the Memorandum of January 17, 2009 we are sending a list of 35 specialists expected in Canada for training. It is to be noted that the list includes the first group of the specialists to be trained in your country. The second and third groups of specialists will be sent in May and August respectively. It would be appreciated if you inform us of the approximate date when you would like to have them in Canada. We note that the payment for training our specialists will be made by RS Communications according to the Article 11 of the Contract upon receipt of a request from your company. We have to let you know that so far we have not received your request. We also bring to your notice that within a month from the date of signing the Contract your company undertook to submit to RS Communications its proposals on the number of the trainees and the period of training in Canada. We have not yet received the above document from your company. Consequently, we are not in a position to submit an application for our specialists’ training. We kindly request you to arrange for the earliest submission of your proposals. Yours faithfully Alexander Somov

	Sophia Kalme Managing Director Chocolate Shop Ltd 12, Ulitsa Pirogova Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia October 21, 2009
Stella Lincey General Manager Lollipop Confectionary Ltd 23, Hampton Hill, London, TW12, England, UK
Dear Mrs. Lincey, With reference to your letter of August 8, 2009 and in confirmation of our telephone conversation with Mr. Ripley we would like to inform you that we are ready to send a group of 10 specialists to your country to study the possibility of the plant construction for confectionary production as well as to draw up the Feasibility Report on the project. We feel it necessary to bring to your notice that our specialists can go to your country within two months from the date of signing the contract. It is understood that our specialists will be sent on the basis of the following general conditions. The Customer is to reimburse the Supplier for air travel expenses of the specialists, tourist class from Novosibirsk to London and back. The Customer is expected at his own expense to provide the specialists with adequately furnished offices and living accommodation as well as with the transport facilities for business trips. All other terms and conditions will be sent to you later. Yours faithfully Sophia Kalme

	Sarah Delly Assistant Manager Pinetour Ltd 15, Manhattan Avenue Brooklyn, 11203, New York, USA April 28, 2009
Clara Sipovich Manager of International Department Tomsk State University 108, 36 Prospekt Lenina Tomsk, 634050, Russia Tel. +7(3822)52-96-44
Dear Mrs. Sipovich, Vocational Training We have received your letter dated April 10, 2009 asking us to reduce the amount we charge for each trainee as you find it rather high. At the same time you refer to other companies who charge less for similar services. In this connection, we regret to have to advise you that we are in no position to reduce the sum of ten thousand rubles as it runs counter to our usual practice. We also feel that the following should be brought to your notice. All our actual expenses (including three meals a day, hotel and local transport expenses) per month for each trainee amount to ten thousand rubles. With regard to your reference to other companies we would like to make it clear that they do not always provide all the above services. Anyway, we are ready to go over this point again. Besides, we would like you to submit a list of trainees two months before their arrival in the USA. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully Sarah Delly

	Peter Kopelman Professor St George’s, University of London Cranmer Terrace London SW17 0RE, England, UK September 13, 2009
Michael Sorby Professor Cardiff University Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
Dear Dr. Sorby: I am happy to provide the information you requested regarding Kim Rowland, with understanding that this information will be confidential. Mrs. Rowland has been a student and then a tutor at St George’s, University of London since September 2002.She has always been willing to work odd hours, including week­ends, and she has proven to be a hardworking and trustworthy employee, and an enthusiastic scientist. Therefore, I can recommend Mrs. Rowland without any hesitation for the position of Laboratory Superior at your Department. Sincerely yours Peter Kopelman Professor

	Sam Rimes Engineer PG Times Ltd 102, 9 Narrow Street Stockton, CA, 10256, USA November 11, 2009
James Kwilly Managing Director Duval Electronics Inc 404, 45 Castle Street Stockton CA 10256 USA
Dear Mr. Kwilly: I am writing to complain about the service that I have received from your sales department. I ordered a new 756 photocopier and was promised that it would be delivered within seven days. That was three weeks ago! When I phoned your Customer Service Department yesterday, the receptionist was very rude and unhelpful. She refused to take my name and then eventually she told me that she would ask you to phone me back. You never did! As you can imagine, I am very unhappy with the quality of service that I have received from your company. I have been a customer of yours for ten years and have never had cause to complain. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours Sam Rimes Engineer

	Vladimir Tushko Export-Import Manager Kot & Pyos Co. 101, 25 Ul. Harkovskaya Kiev, 01102, Ukraine 25 February, 2009
Pet Products Ltd 2, 180 London Road London, EX4 4JY, England, UK
Dear Sirs, We read your advertisement in the “Pet Magazine” of 25 December 2008. We are interested in buying your equipment for producing pet food. Would you kindly send us more information about this equipment: price-list dates of delivery terms of payment guarantees if the price includes the cost of equipment installation and our staff training. Our company specializes in distributing pet products in Ukraine. We have more than 50 dealers and representatives in different regions and would like to start producing pet food in Ukraine. If your equipment meets our requirements, and we receive a favourable offer, we will be able to place a large order for your equipment. Your early reply would be appreciated. Yours faithfully Vladimir Tushko Export-Import Manager

	Kelly Johnson Marketing Manager King Arto Ltd 12 New Fetter Lane London, EC4P 4EE, England, UK Tel. +44 (0) 20 7040 88 70 July 26, 2009
Bob Jeeps Export Manager Guan Po Plc. 1221 Saks Avenue New York, NY 10020, USA
Dear Mr. Jeeps, One of our buyers visited your stand at the London Exhibition last week. He had a brief discussion with your Marketing Manager and we would now like to make further inquiries about your full product range. Could you please send us the following as soon as possible: - a catalogue and current price list of all your export products; - a copy of your most recent company report; - any sample products that are available. We would also like one of your representatives to visit us here. We would also appreciate if you ask your sales manager to contact us to discuss this. We look forward to hearing from you soon Yours sincerely, Kelly Johnson Marketing Manager

APPENDIX 2

WRITING BUSINESS LETTERS

Complete the business letters with the appropriate words or phrases listed in the box

A

faithfully Office Manager The Guardian qualifications hope find job

Office Management company position from working enclose part

forward am writing Office Administrator reliable experience am interested in Encl.

Dear Sir/Madam,

I 1) ____ to apply for the 2) ____of 3) ______ as advertised in 4) _____ of 9 July 2009.

I came from Germany but I have been living in England for the last four years. I took

5) ___ course at the West London College and since then I have been 6) ____ as 7) ____ for a 8) _____ in central London.

I have 9) _____ in dealing with customers and liaising with a dispatch department. However, I 10) _____ working as Office Administrator because this would give me an opportunity to be a 11) ______ of a team.

I 12) ____ my resume and 13) ____ that you will 14) ____ my experience and 15) _____ suitable for this 16) _____ .

I look 17) ______ to hearing 18) ______ you soon.

Yours 19) ______

Heidi Ganz

20) ______

B

to assist	qualification
Curriculum Vitae	available
computer	from
faithfully	advertisement
at any time	must
managers	receiving
typists	job experience
experience	am enclosing

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing in response to your 1) for a Personal Assistant/Secretary

2) departmental 3) in your Southtown office.

I 4) a copy of my 5) , which gives details of my 6)

and 7) . As you will see I have had 12 years’ 8) ,

including two years in a 9) company. I also have an RSA Stage III in

typing and RSA 100 w.p.m. shorthand.

In my opinion a good PA/Secretary 10) :

- have a good filing system;

- be good at 11) visitors;

- distribute work fairly to other 12) ;

- have a good phone manner;

- have pleasant appearance.

I will be 13) for interview 14) .

I look forward to hearing 15) _____ you soon.

Yours 16) ______

Vanessa Etheridge

C

Read, translate and complete two letters about the advertisement for the position of Accountant with the words from the box below

as	form	position	enclose
calls	further	take	enquires
available	in	to	favourably
consider	opportunity	with	for

Dear Sir, With reference 1) _____ your advertisement in today’s “Morning News”, I am interested 2) _____ applying for the 3) _____ of Accountant with your company. Could you please send me 4) _____ details and an application 5) _____. Yours faithfully Daniela Norton

Dear Sir or Madam, I would like to apply 6) _____ the position of Accountant with your company. I 7) _____ my application form. I am at present working 8) _____ a secretary in the Accounting Department at LTV Universals. My duties include 9) _____ and copy typing and dealing 10) _____ correspondence and telephone 11) _____. Twice a week I have been going to evening classes in bookkeeping and I intend to 12) _____ an examination in three months. I am applying for the position because I would like an 13) _____ to make more use of my training. I would be 14) _____ for interview at any time. I hope that you will 15) _____ my application 16) _____. Yours sincerely Felicity Hart

D

program	experience	internship
Manager	transportation	a student
transatlantic	firm	knowledge
responsibilities	with	are heading
beneficial	Encl.	call

Dear Mr. Rubin:

I am a first-year student in the MBA 1) ___ at the Wharton Business School in

Philadelphia.

I understand that you 2) ___ the independent Russian airline company. I have heard from my friend Mr. Bill Eastmann, 3)___ at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business, that you might wish to have a Russian MBA student to work 4) ___ your airline company this summer as an intern. I am very interested in the possibility of such an 5)___ during the summer of 2011.

My professional 6) ___ has given me an in-depth knowledge of the air 7) ___ industry. I have, in particular, worked for American Airlines, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Kurth & Co, Inc., an aviation-consulting 8) ___ where I was a 9) ___ of Airline Analysis. My 10) ___ included the study of schedules, fares, equipment selection, and financial results. Notably, I prepared numerous feasibility studies for both jet and turboprop routes, including passenger and pure cargo service, for proposed 11) ___ and transpacific services.

I wish to place this experience at the disposal of your airline company. I believe strongly that my 12) ___ of the deregulated air transportation industry in the US could be quite 13) ___ to your business.

I have enclosed a copy of my resume. If my knowledge and qualifications are of interest to you, please 14) ___ me at (215) 748-30-37.

Sincerely yours

Peter Fomin

15) ___

E

consideration	speaking	to work well
personal interview	communication skills	degree
enclose	am available	graduate
contribute	successful candidate	advertisement
call	trouble	assistant
the job

Dear Mr. Speller:

I am a recent college 1) ___ with a BA Degree in Marketing and Management. I have also been part of a family-owned distributorship for nearly all my life, so cars are my life!

I noticed your 2) ___ for the post of Sales and Marketing 3) ___ in the edition of the Dover Star of June 14 and 4) ___ my resume for your 5) ___.

You mentioned in the advertisement that the 6) must have:

- a Bachelor of Arts 7) ___	I do
- excellent 8) ___	I do
- ability 9) ___ with people at all levels	I do
- eagerness to learn and 10) ___ to the company	I am and I will

This is 11) ___ that I believe was made exactly for me. I 12) ___ for an interview and can offer you competence, dedication, and a good work ethics. If you don’t mind, I will 13) ___ you next week to see if a 14) ___ can be scheduled.

Thank you for your time and 15) ___ , and I look forward to 16) ___ with you next week.

Sincerely yours

Nelly Nickleby

Encl.

F

communicative	internship practice	team
hearing	responsibilities	apply
Marketing	enclose	experience
available	intensive	Russian
suitable	administrative work	product
good	presentation	economics
skilled	qualities	client liaising
sincerely

Dear Mr Truman,

I am writing to 1) ___ for the position of 2) ___ Manager advertised in last week’s Sunday Times.

I am from Russia and my first language is 3) ___, but I am also 4) ___ at English. I am presently an 5) ___ student at Kemerovo State University. During the past year I have taken 6) ___ courses in English and 7) ___. Last summer I had my 8) ___ as Assistant Marketing Manager in Food Trade Company. My 9) ___ involved drawing up marketing plans, 10) ___ development, organizing and directing 11) ___ of goods and 12) ___.

I am 13) ___ in handling computer and accounting. I am 14) ___, hardworking and honest. I suppose I will be able to become a good member of your 15) ___. I believe these are important 16) ___ for this job.

I 17) ___ my CV, which gives the details of my qualification and 18) ___ and hope that you will find them 19) ___ for the post. I will be 20) ___ for an interview at any time.

I look forward to 21) ___ from you soon.

Yours 22) ___

Danil Kolosov

Enc.

G

available	involved	contribution	employee
enclosed	qualifications	experience	positions
confidence	at present	handle	fluent

Dear Mr. Wolf,

I wish to apply for one of the 1) ___ described in your advertisement “Job in NY” in this week's Daily Magazine.

I am 25 years old. I am a citizen of Germany. I am 2) ___ working for German Enterprise, and as you know, we have been doing business with AMECAIR Atlantic for several years.

My recent job has 3) ___ working in a team in the Export Department of my firm and I have developed 4) ___ and skills in dealing with foreign buyers on the telephone and in writing, mainly using English.

My English is 5) ___, I speak and write English rather well and I can also 6) ___ business correspondence in German and Italian.

As you will see from my 7) ___ CV, my 8) ___ are good, and I think you will agree that my 9) ___ and language skills will help me to make a valuable 10) ___ to your firm and you will find that I am an enthusiastic and resourceful 11) ___.

I am 12) ___ for interview at any time except for June 12^th to 21^st. My daytime phone number is 287 8889 extension 333.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely

Claus Dorff

H

faithfully	material	concerning	the details
prices and terms	services	hearing	receiving
presentation	are pleased	sincerely	am writing
ask

Dear Mr Copper, Thank you for your letter of 24 April, 2009 1) ___ the exhibition in Leicester in August. We 2) ___ to know that that you will organize and your company will be taking part in the exhibition. Regarding the exhibition, we would appreciate it if you could send us 3) ___ of all the delegates so that we can prepare security passes. We would also 4) ___ you to let us have details of the equipment you need for your 5) ___. We look forward to 6) ___ your reply. Yours 7) ___ Sandra Ford

Dear Sir/Madam, Your company has been recommended to us by a business associate and I 8) ___ to enquire about your 9) ___ in translating the texts. My company has recently entered the export market and we need advertising 10) ___ translated into Chinese, Russian, and Turkish. We would be grateful if you could send us your 11) ___ of payment. We look forward to 12) ___ from you. Yours 13) ___ Phil Collins

I

convenience	computers
appointment	company
energetic	resume
knowledge	from
arrange	work experience
Computer Science	qualifications
programmer	to join

Dear Mr. Jones:

Since KPC Systems is a fast-growing 1) ___, you are likely in need of young and 2) ___ people with good 3) ___ of computers and programming. In one month I will be graduating 4) ___ the University of Swansea with a degree in 5) ___ and would like 6) ___ your company as a 7) ___.

In addition to my university courses, I have had 8) ___ in programming and operating 9) ___ as you can see from my enclosed 10) ___. Last summer I implemented programs for the design of loudspeakers at Nortech Industries.

At you 11) ___, I would like to meet you to discuss how my 12) ___ could benefit KPC Systems. Next week I will call you to try to 13) ___ an interview or make an 14) ___.

Yours sincerely

Nataly Pesly

Encl.

APPLYING FOR A JOB

I. Study the list of topical vocabulary to avoid the difficulties in understanding the text of this unit. Consult a dictionary to pronounce the words correctly.

Advertisement _n – реклама

applicant _n – претендент (на работу)

background _n – биографические данные; подготовка, квалификация

board or panel interview – собеседование на совете или комиссии

conclusion _n – заключение, вывод

«deep-end» – «погружение» в сложную ситуацию

emphasize _v – подчеркивать, выделять

experience _n – _зд. опыт

impression _n – впечатление

pattern _n – образец, модель

probationary period – испытательный срок

prospective employer – будущий (предполагаемый) работодатель

reference _n – _зд. рекомендация; поручитель, дающий рекомендацию

salary _n – зарплата

show one’s worth – проявить себя

strong points – сильные стороны

II. Read the following international words correctly and define their meaning.

Agency, resume, career, stress, sociability, traditional, candidate, discuss, domestic, financial, professional, personality, criticize, colleague, guarantee, qualification, motivation, reason, chance, stress situation, nervous, transport.

III. Define the meaning of the following words and the part of speech they belong to.

A to employ employer employee employment

B interview to interview interviewer interviewee

IV. Read and translate the text below, say what its main points are.

Applying for a job

The happiness of any person largely depends on having suitable job. One may learn about a job vacancy in a newspaper, from a friend, from the employment agency or TV advertisement.

To apply for a job you are interested in, it is necessary to convince the prospective employer of your ability to do this job well. The first thing you should do is to prepare a resume (curriculum vitae – BrE). A resume should contain a summary of essential facts from your background: personal data, career objective, work experience, education, and references. You should emphasize your strong points in your resume. For example, if you have no job experience, stress your personal qualities (sociability, honesty, reliability, efficiency etc.) or educational background. A well-composed resume will make the prospective employer understand what abilities make you a suitable person for a particular job.

If you interest the employer he will invite you for an interview. Interviews are conducted on the various patterns: there are traditional one-to-one and group interviews, board or panel interviews (where an applicant is interviewed by a panel of interviewers), «deep-end» interviews which give a candidate the opportunity to demonstrate his skills and apply his knowledge.

To make a good impression on the interviewer it is important to find some information about the company you are going to work in. Besides, there are some rules of behaviour in an interview. For instance, when greeting the interviewer you should wait until he shakes your hand. Also, you shouldn’t sit down until he offers you to do that. In the interview it is common to avoid discussing personal, domestic or financial problems if you are not asked about.

Interviewers can’t check applicant’s professional skills immediately, so, the first thing they are attracted to is the agreeable personality and friendly attitude of the interviewee. You shouldn’t criticize your former colleagues or employer: criticism helps to reveal your own negative qualities.

Interviewers are usually interested in qualifications of the candidate, his/her previous job experience, motivation and the reasons of applying for that job. In the interview you may ask questions too – about salary, probationary period, social guarantees, transport facilities to or from job, chances of promotion. But you should discuss the subject you are interested in after the interviewer introduced it.

It is clear that a job interview is a stress situation for any applicant. The majority of interviewees feel nervous, and not everyone is able to show his worth in the interview. But it is necessary to concentrate oneself for some time because the conclusion about the candidate is made within the first ten minutes of the interview.

V. Match these word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

1) to make a good impression on someone	a) возможность продемонстрировать мастерство
2) career objective	b) произвести хорошее впечатление на кого-либо
3) to shake hands	c) принято избегать обсуждения
4) opportunity to demonstrate skills	d) желаемая должность
5) it is common to avoid discussing	e) кандидатура, подходящая на определенную должность
6) company you are going to work in	f) немедленно проверить профессиональное мастерство претендента
7) some rules of behaviour	g) некоторые правила поведения
8) suitable person for a particular job	h) пожать руку
9) to check applicant’s professional skills immediately	i) компания, в которой вы собираетесь работать

VI. Insert the proper prepositions.

19: of (5) on (2) in (4) within (1) for (2) about (3) from (2)

1. The happiness … any person largely depends … having suitable job.

2. One may learn … a job vacancy … a newspaper, … a friend, … the employment agency.

3. To apply … a job you are interested …, it is necessary to convince the prospective employer … your ability to do this job well.

4. To make a good impression … the interviewer it is important to find some information … the company you are going to work … .

5. Interviewers are usually interested … qualifications … the candidate and the reasons … applying … that job.

6. The conclusion … the candidate is made … the first ten minutes … the interview.

VII. Paraphrase the sentences using the synonyms from the box instead of the underlined words.

background, resume, panel, emphasize, contain, prospective, applicant

1. To apply for a job the first thing you should do is to prepare a curriculum vitae.

2. A resume should include a summary of essential facts from your biography.

3. You should point out your strong points in your resume.

4. A well-composed resume will make the potential employer understand what abilities make you a suitable person for a particular job.

5. A «deep-end» interview gives to a candidate the opportunity to demonstrate his skills and apply his knowledge.

6. A board interview is the one where applicant is interviewed by a panel of interviewers.

VIII. Act out the dialogues A and B. Make up your own dialogues concerning job search.

A

Secretary: Hello, Mr Newman’s office.

Mrs Lewis: Hello. My name is Natasha Lewis. Could I contact the Personnel Manager?

Secretary: I’ll find out if he is in. Hang on a moment.

Mrs Lewis: All right.

Mr Sanders: Joe Sanders, Personnel Manager. Good morning.

Mrs Lewis: Hello, Mr Sanders. I’d like to apply for the position of a laboratory assistant at the Certification Department with your company.

Mr Sanders: Please leave your resume to my secretary. Do you have any job experience, Mrs Lewis?

Mrs Lewis: Yes, laboratory assistant at the University.

Mr Sanders: Good. I’ll study your resume and schedule an interview with you next week.

Mrs Lewis: Thank you, Mr Sanders.

Mr Sanders: Good-bye.

B

Secretary: Hello, Mr Affleck’s office.

Mr Voit: I’d like to speak to Mr Affleck.

Secretary: One moment. Hold the line, please. I’ll see if he is in.

In a minute or so.

Secretary: Are you listening?

Mr Voit: Yes.

Secretary: I’m sorry but Mr Affleck is not yet in. He must be in a conference. But I expect he will be back in a few minutes.

Mr Voit: Could I leave him a message, please?

Secretary: Sure.

Mr Voit: Well, I’d be very much obliged if you asked him to ring me up any time on Friday. My name is Ken Voit.

Secretary: Very well sir. I’ll make a notice of it. Does he know your telephone number?

Mr Voit: I had an interview with him. He has my resume, my number is in it.

Secretary: So, you’re Ken Voit, aren’t you?

Mr Voit: That’s right. Thank you. Good-bye.

Secretary: Good-bye.

IX. Read the following information and say what general rules of composing a resume are. Consult the Vocabulary notes.

It is usual to begin a resume with the personal data. It includes your name, address, social insurance number, home telephone number and business phone number (recommended only if your present employer is aware of your job search). It may also contain such facts as your date of birth, marital status, and number of dependants.

Such section as explanation of your career objective or goal may be optional. Here you may point out the specific position for which you are applying.

The structure of the next part of your resume will depend a great deal on your work history. If you are a recent graduate with limited job experience, begin with your education first. You should highlight achievements and honours, and note extracurricular activities. Your resume should involve information about the courses you took which are relevant to the position you desire, or special training you may have participated in and skills you have. Continue with your part-time or summer employment, and indicate your responsibility and duties.

If you possess a strong professional background, you should begin with your work experience first. Information provided here includes a job title, name of employer, address, date of employment, and a brief summary of duties. Emphasize responsibilities, highlight personal achievements and promotion. Your list of positions should have the inverse chronological order, so it is usual to begin with the current employer.

Next, your resume could include a brief section necessary to give employers an insight into your leisure and non-work activities: clubs or professional associations, community volunteer work, sports and hobbies.

Finally you could list references. It has become an acceptable practice to write “References: Available upon request” because addresses, titles, phone numbers may be changed. Choose references carefully and always ask permission to use their names as referees.

Vocabulary notes:

acceptable practice – общепринятая практика

brief summary – краткое описание

current _adj = present _adj

dependant _n – иждивенец

duties _{n pl} = responsibilities _{n pl} – обязанности

extracurricular _adj – общественный, внеучебный

highlight _v – освещать

insight _n into – представление о

job title – название должности

marital status – семейное положение

part-time – почасовой

position _n – должность

promotion _n – продвижение по службе

relevant _adj to – относящийся к

reverse _adj – обратный

work history – трудовая биография

X. Study the sample of resume and prepare your own resume.

NAME:	Alex Morozov
NATIONALITY:	Russian
DATE OF BIRTH:	1. 11. 1988
MARITAL STATUS:	Single
CURRENT ADRESS:	342 West 175th Street, Apartment 4H, New York, NJ 10033, Tel. (212) 535-94-49
OBJECTIVE:	A position of Marketing Manager
WORK EXPERIENCE:
2008 – 2009	Blue Wave Beauty Products company. Russia. Moscow, Russia Position: Assistant Manager at Marketing Department. Duties: carried out market research of the perfume and cosmetics; instructed the representatives of the company in marketing strategies and techniques.
2010 – now	Blue Wave Beauty Products company. USA. New York, USA Position: Marketing Analyst at Market Research Department. Duties: carried out market research; developed effective marketing strategies; made up business planning; planned pre and post-sales promotion activities.
EDUCATION:	Kemerovo State University the Faculty of Economics Marketing Department 2005 – 2010
INTERESTS:	Market Research Human resource management
REFERENCES:	Professor M. Abramov Academician D. Mikhalkov

XI. Imagine that you are interviewed by the representative of the company. Please answer his questions.

1. Why are you interested in joining our company?

1. What is your professional experience?

2. What do you know about our company?

3. What kind of position do you want?

4. Why do you feel qualified for this job?

5. What is your marital status?

6. What are your main strong points for this job?

7. Will you agree to begin with a part-time job?

8. What is your objective? What kind of position do you want in the future?

XII. Act out the situation In a Job Interview: the interviewer makes up a list of questions, the applicant(s) writes a resume and prepares to be interviewed (see exercise XI).

XIII. Scan the text. What are the main factors of job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction?

job satisfaction

Job satisfaction is important in life of a modern man. Almost every adult person spends a lot of time at his work place. So, it is very important to be content with one’s position.

There are some factors which influence job satisfaction. If a company gives an opportunity of professional growth, an employee may take some interesting training programs or courses, have job-related travels. Having brainy boss and agreeable colleagues is also a great luck. Earning plenty of money makes a person socially independent (on parents, other people’s help, circumstances etc.)

The status of the company also plays significant role. Many young specialists would like to work in a large prestigious company because there are more chances to be promoted.

Of course, different people prefer different jobs: some like to work on a computer, others want to be a part of a team or, alternatively, to be independent in their professional life. But in any case an employee needs to be praised for the good job by his superiors.

Job dissatisfaction makes any person extremely unhappy. For example, low wage makes him socially unprotected. Hostile working environment causes job inefficiency and, on the other hand, stress situations that harm health. In this case, even a highly qualified specialist may become a bad employee.

After graduation from the University everybody wants to find satisfactory position in an organization with a good status. One of the most significant things for everyone is to have financial independence because University education gives opportunity to earn much. It matters if the job is interesting or not because many people hate boring and monotonous work. Some people enjoy making decisions on their own. Everyone needs knowledge to be useful for the benefit of business. Besides, it is important to be part of a team and, at the same time, to have real chances of promotion in a company.

A manager or director should take serious care of the main aspects of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the company.

XIV. Read the text and complete the sentences with the appropriate words and phrases given in the box.

FILLING A VACANCY

references	candidate		position	interview		resume
job vacancies		application		short-listed
application form		employment agencies		apply	applicant

Many people looking for a job read about the (1) ___ advertised in newspapers by companies and (2) ___. To reply to an advertisement is to (3) ___ for a job. You become a (4) ___ or an (5) ___. You write an (6) ___, or fill in the company’s (7) ___, and send it, along with your (8) ___ and a covering letter. You often have to give the names of two people who are prepared to write (9) ___ for you. If your qualifications and abilities match the (10) ___ you might be (11) ___, i. e. selected to attend an (12) ___.

XV. Speak on the topic “Applying for a Job” using the communicative scheme below.

PUBLIC SPEAKING

1. Imagine that you are starting a presentation. What phrases might you use? Write down five of them.

Some ideas are given below for you. Read and translate them.

• Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming along here today.

• The purpose of today’s presentation is to discuss how we can …

• I’ve invited you here today to have a look at my findings.

• Now let me begin by …

• Secondly …

• … and finally …

• I’d be very happy to invite you to ask questions at the end of the session.

• At the end I’d be very happy to answer any of your questions.

2. Listen to two people and hear two ways of opening presentations. While listening, see if you can hear some of the phrases above.

3. Check your understanding by reading the scripts below:

Clip 1

“Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming along here today. I hope my presentation isn’t going to take too long and that you will find it interesting. The purpose of today’s presentation is to discuss how we can improve internal communications within our company.

Now let me begin by explaining that I’d like to talk about the business case for better communication; secondly, I want to cover different styles and methods; and finally I would like to finish off by talking about some of the basics we need to have in place to deliver good quality, consistent communications across the company. I’d be very happy to invite you to ask questions at the end of the session and I’m sure there’ll be plenty of time for us to discuss some of the points that have been raised.”

Clip 2

“Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for finding the time to come and join me for this presentation this afternoon. My name is Tim Mason, I‘m a retail consultant, and many of you will have seen me shadowing you in your jobs and looking through the accounts and so on in the company over the last week. I’ve invited you here today to have a look at my findings. First, I’d like to have a look at the performance of the company, the sales of the company over the last three years; then I’d like to have a look at our market share in the womenswear market and look at our competitors; and thirdly, I’d like to suggest some improvements in our range of womenswear. At the end I’d be happy to answer any of your questions.”

4. Finish the following sentences with the correct phrase.

1. Which sentence might you hear at the beginning of a presentation?

A Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for arriving today

B Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for appearing today

C Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming today

D Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for showing your faces today

2. The _________ of today’s presentation is to discuss my findings.

A purpose

B reason

C cause

D points

3. Now, __________ begin by introducing myself.

A allow me

B let me

C I

D presentation

4. I’d be very happy to __________ you to ask questions at the end of the session.

A tell

B invite

C order

D request

Answers

1. Which sentence might you hear at the beginning of a presentation?

A Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for arriving today. Feedback: Wrong – the audience’s arrival is just the moment they appear at the presentation

B Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for appearing today. Feedback: Wrong – this sounds like the speaker wasn’t expecting the audience to come to the presentation

C Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming today. Feedback: Correct – this is a straightforward way to greet an audience

D Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for showing your faces today. Feedback: Wrong – if you ‘show your face’ you go somewhere for a short time because you feel you have to, not because you want to. So this is quite a rude thing to say!

2. The _________ of today’s presentation is to discuss my findings.

A purpose. Feedback: Correct – the speaker is stating the reason for giving the presentation

B reason. Feedback: Wrong – you can say ‘The reason why…’ but not ‘The reason of…’

C cause. Feedback: Wrong – a cause is a reason that belongs to the past, but the speaker is stating what he wants to do in the presentation, so he’s talking about the future

D points. Feedback: Wrong – The speaker is talking about the reason for giving the presentation, so he can say ‘The point of today’s presentation’ but not ‘The points of today’s presentation’

3. Now, __________ begin by introducing myself.

A allow me. Feedback: Wrong – you can say ‘allow me to begin’ but not just ‘allow me begin’

B let me. Feedback: Correct – this is one way to start a presentation

C I. Feedback: Wrong – if you are describing something you are about to do, use the future tense

D presentation. Feedback: Wrong – ‘presentation’ is not the subject of this sentence

4. I’d be very happy to __________ you to ask questions at the end of the session.

A tell. Feedback: Wrong – if you tell someone to do something, you don’t give them a choice!

B invite. Feedback: Correct – the speaker will give the audience a chance to ask questions later if they wish

C order. Feedback: Wrong – if you order someone to do something you don’t give them a choice!

D request. Feedback: Wrong – if you request someone to do something, you ask them to do it for you. But the speaker says ‘I’d be very happy to’ which implies that he is willing to answer questions if the audience wants to ask them.

5. After you have greeted your guests, you will begin to go through the main body of your presentation. It's very useful to have some visual aids - some slides, pictures or graphs that help explain what you are saying. Sometimes they can also help to keep your audience interested in your presentation.

Imagine you are giving a presentation and using some visual aids. What phrases might you use to draw your audience’s attention to these slides? Write down five of them.

Some ideas are given below for you. Read and translate them.

• If you look at this first graph

• As you can see…

• Now let’s look at…

• …a good example of…

• a key factor

• If you look at this slide

• a good illustration of…

6. Now listen to two examples of people giving presentations. As you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above.

7. Check your understanding by reading the scripts below:

Clip 1

“If you have a look at this first graph, you can see that our sales topped 50 million the year before last. Then last year sales dropped to 40 million, with a slight recovery at the end of the financial year. However, this year sales have continued to drop to an all time low of 30 million. Now let’s look at our market share. As you can see, we have 25% of the market share, 10% down on last year.”

Clip 2

“A good example of how important internal communications are is shown by some findings from research that we have recently undertaken. Good communications is a very key factor in staff motivation. If you look at this slide, you will see how important it is to get the basics in place. You need to identify your communication requirement, agree your objectives and success criteria, identify your target audiences, define the content of your message and determine the style of delivery. A good illustration of the communication process is when all those basics fall into place naturally.”

8. Finish the following sentences by choosing the correct words and writing them into the blanks.

1. ______ _________ _________ ________ this first graph, you can see that our sales have increased by 25% in the last year.

take / see / look / watch / if / you / at

2. ________ _______ _____ ________ , we have a large percentage of the market share.

see / watch / you / as / know / they / can

3. We find that good communication is a ____ ___________ in improving staff morale.

key / point / thing / factor / reason

4. ___ _______ ______________ ____ the importance of good communication can be seen here.

example / in / a / of / soon / at / good

Answers

1.  If you look at this first graph, you can see that our sales have increased  by 25% in the last year.

2.  As you can see, we have a large percentage of the market share.

3.  We find that good communication is a key factor in improving staff morale.

4.  A good example of the importance of good communication can be seen here.

8. At the end of your presentation, you may wish to open the floor to questions – to ask if anyone has any questions about your presentation. Imagine it is the end of your presentation and you are asking if there are any questions. What phrases might you use or hear? Write down five of them.

Some ideas are given below for you. Read and translate them.

• If you have any questions, I would be happy to answer them now

• Can I just ask…?

• Are there any questions about any of that?

• Yes, a very good question

• Can you explain to me…?

9. Listen to someone asking if there are any questions. As you listen, try to hear some of the phrases above.

10. Check your understanding by reading the script below:

Tim: Ladies and gentlemen, if you have any questions, I'd be happy to answer them now.

Carrie: Yeah, can I just ask, graph number 3, that last one you showed us, can you explain to me where you’re intending to find the extra income to increase the designer range in the maternity wear?

Tim: Yes, a very good question. I’ve looked at the office wear range and it’s quite heavy on material, holiday wear tends to be much lighter, much smaller amounts of material involved and I ...

11. Finish the following sentences with the correct phrase.

1. If you have any questions, _____________ to answer them now.

A I would like to be able

B I would be happy

C I would have been happy

D I was happy

2. Can I ______________...?

A just ask?...

B you ask?...

C only ask?...

D ask it?...

3. Can you ____________....?

A tell me it?

B tell to me?

C explain to me?

D explain me?

4. Yes, a very ____________.

A good question

B question

C obvious question

D lovely question

Answers

1. If you have any questions, _____________ to answer them now.

A I would like to be able. Wrong – this suggests that you want to answer the questions but can’t

B I would be happy. Correct – this is a polite way of asking if there are any questions. You can also say ‘… I am happy to answer them now’.

C I would have been happy. Wrong – this expresses a past regret… you need to talk about now

D I was happy. Wrong – you need to talk about now, not the past

2. Can I ______________...?

A just ask?... Correct – you are indicating that you have a quick question

B you ask?... Wrong – ‘Can I ask you’ would be correct

C only ask?... Wrong – another word is more natural than ‘only’ here

D ask it?... Wrong – although people always ask questions, the meaning of ‘it’ isn’t clear here

3. Can you ____________....?

A tell me it? Wrong – You can say ‘Can you tell me?’ but not ‘Can you tell me it?’

B tell to me? Wrong – You can say ‘Can you tell me?’ but not ‘Can you tell to me?’

C explain to me? Correct – This is an informal way to preface a question

D explain me? Wrong – You can say ‘Can you tell me?’ but not ‘Can you explain me?’

4. Yes, a very ____________.

A good question. Correct – This is a polite way to receive a question

B question. Wrong – you need an adjective here

C obvious question. Wrong – It’s a little rude to say that someone’s question is obvious

D lovely question. Wrong – This sounds a little strange and it might be considered condescending

12. Think about the presentations that you have been to. What were the characteristics of the good ones? Write down five of them.

Some ideas are given below for you. Read and translate them.

• The aims and the structure need to be clear

• Wait until the end of the presentation before people feed back on what you’ve said

• Make sure you are entertaining, engaging and interesting

• Don’t make it too long

• Be short, precise and to the point

• Make sure you’re relevant – make sure you’re talking to the right audience

• Transcript

• Male: With a presentation, I think the aims and the structure need to be clear.

• Male 2: I like to wait until the end of the presentation before people feed back on

• what I’ve

13. As you listen, see if you can hear some of the tips above.

14. Check your understanding by reading the script below:

Male: With a presentation, I think the aims and the structure need to be clear.

Male 2: I like to wait until the end of the presentation before people feed back on what I’ve just said, rather than interruptions throughout the presentation.

Male 3: I think of a presentation … If you’re standing up in front of a group of people, you need to make sure you’re entertaining, make sure you’re engaging, make sure you’re interesting, make sure you’re relevant, make sure you’re talking to the right audience.

Female: Don’t make it too long, otherwise people fall asleep! Be short, precise and to the point, definitely.

15. Finish the following sentences with the correct phrase.

1. The aims and the structure should be ___________.

A concise

B clear

C entertaining

D long

2. It’s a good idea to wait until the end for people to ________________ .

A feedback

B feed back

C feed

D fed up

3. What word describes a presentation that is about a topic the audience is interested in?

A relevant

B concise

C precise

D entertaining

4. What word or phrase means to be ‘relevant’ and ‘concise’?

A to be up to a point

B to be after a point

C to be to the point

D to be off the point

Answers

1. The aims and the structure should be ___________.

A concise. Wrong –‘concise’ means ‘as short as possible’. The presentation should be concise – but how about the aims?

B clear. Correct – this helps your audience to follow the presentation

C entertaining. Wrong – a presentation can be entertaining, but its aims and structure shouldn’t be

D long. Wrong – presentations should not have lots of aims or a complicated structure

2. It’s a good idea to wait until the end for people to ________________ .

A feedback. Wrong – this spelling is correct for the noun usage, but it is a phrasal verb

B feed back. Correct – this tactic prevents lots of interruptions

C feed. Wrong – they can eat before the presentation too!

D fed up. Wrong – if someone is ‘fed up’ they are tired and annoyed about something

3. What word describes a presentation that is about a topic the audience is interested in?

A relevant. Correct – this word describes something that is about something else

B concise. Wrong – ‘concise’ means ‘as short as possible’

C precise. Wrong – ‘precise’ means ‘exact and correct’

D entertaining. Wrong – a presentation can be funny and entertaining but about a topic that isn’t interesting or useful

4. What word or phrase means to be ‘relevant’ and ‘concise’?

A to be up to a point. Wrong – ‘up to a point’ means ‘to a degree’

B to be after a point. Wrong – ‘after a point’ means ‘after a while’

C to be to the point. Correct – if a presentation is ‘to the point’ it doesn’t waste time

D to be off the point. Wrong – this means ‘irrelevant’ – so the presentation is off-topic!

16. Read the following article and say what new you’ve learnt.

A good way to make your presentations effective, interesting and easy to follow is to use signpost language. 'Signpost language' is the words and phrases that people use to tell the listener what has just happened, and what is going to happen next.

In other words, signpost language guides the listener through the presentation. A good presenter will usually use a lot of signpost language, so it is a good idea to learn a few of the common phrases, even if you spend more time listening to presentations than giving them! Signpost language is usually fairly informal, so it is relatively easy to understand.

Signposting

Section of presentation	Signpost language
Introducing the topic	The subject/topic of my talk is ... I'm going to talk about ... My topic today is… My talk is concerned with ...
Overview (outline of presentation)	I’m going to divide this talk into four parts. There are a number of points I'd like to make. Basically/ Briefly, I have three things to say. I'd like to begin/start by ... Let's begin/start by ... First of all, I'll... … and then I’ll go on to … Then/ Next ... Finally/ Lastly ...
Finishing a section	That's all I have to say about... We've looked at... So much for...
Starting a new section	Moving on now to … Turning to... Let’s turn now to … The next issue/topic/area I’d like to focus on … I’d like to expand/elaborate on … Now we'll move on to... I'd like now to discuss... Let's look now at...
Analysing a point and giving recommendations	Where does that lead us? Let's consider this in more detail... What does this mean for...? Translated into real terms... Why is this important? The significance of this is...
Giving examples	For example,... A good example of this is... As an illustration,... To give you an example,... To illustrate this point...
Summarising and concluding	To sum up ... To summarise... Right, let's sum up, shall we? Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at... If I can just sum up the main points... Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered... To conclude... In conclusion ... In short ... So, to remind you of what I’ve covered in this talk, … Unfortunately, I seem to have run out of time, so I’ll conclude very briefly by saying that ….. I'd like now to recap...
Paraphrasing and clarifying	Simply put... In other words....... So what I’m saying is.... To put it more simply.... To put it another way....
Invitation to discuss / ask questions	I’m happy to answer any queries/ questions. Does anyone have any questions or comments? Please feel free to ask questions. If you would like me to elaborate on any point, please ask. Would you like to ask any questions? Any questions?

17. Imagine that you are making a presentation to a large group of people working in your industry.

Q: How do you start your presentation?

1. Are we all here? Good, well if we look at the first slide you'll see our total carbon usage for 2005...

2. Hello everyone. Thanks very much for coming along today. My name is Kirk Renolds and today I'll be talking about some of the work we've been doing on our environmental strategy...

3. Hello ladies and gentlemen. My name is Kirk Renolds and today I'll be talking about some of the work we've been doing on our environmental strategy...

Answers

1. This is a bad start to your presentation. You should greet your guests, thank them for coming, introduce yourself and outline what your presentation will be about.

2. This is a good start to your presentation - you have greeted your guests, thanked them for coming and introduced yourself.

3. This is one way to start your presentation - but it would be better if you thanked your guests for coming.

Q: What do you say next?

1. 'I'll begin by giving you some background into why we started the trials, then we'll look at some organisational challenges and finally I'll present the results and take any questions you might have'

2. 'Okay well, as I said, this presentation is all about our environmental strategy and when we first started looking at this none of us were really sure where to start, but I'll talk about that in more detail in a minute or two. Er... and then I'll tell you about some of the problems we had setting this up - actually, I remember one particular incident very clearly, which I'll quickly relate... '

Answers

1. Well done! You have outlined your presentation very clearly and concisely....

2. Stop! You are rambling - keep the outline of your presentation clear and concise.

Q: Later in the presentation, you begin to go through your slides...

1. 'Well, as you can see in this slide, energy savings increased significantly as we implemented our strategy...'

2. 'In January 2005, there was a saving of £293, in February, there was a saving of £300, in March...'

3. 'Here's the next slide. OK? And on the next slide...'

4. 'Oh dear! I'm awfully sorry but we seem to be having some technical problems with the projector. At this point I wanted to show you a slide with the energy savings we made between 2005 and 2006. Savings increased from just under £300 to...'

Answers

1. Well done! You have used the slide to help in your explanation, without ignoring it or reading from it...

2. Don't make the mistake of reading your slides to your audience! It's really boring!

3. Remember to present your slides - explain what it is that your audience is looking at!

4. How unlucky! Maybe you should have checked that all the equipment was working before you began... However, you have apologised and you are now relaying the information on the slides - you have 'made the best of a bad job'!

Q: Suddenly, someone asks a question. How do you respond?

1. 'Look, I said at the start that I'd be happy to take questions at the end...'

2. 'That's a very interesting question...'

3. 'Would you mind if I came back to your question at the end? It's just that I'm rather conscious of the time...'

Answers

1. Using 'look' like this makes you sound very annoyed. Start again and next time, be more polite and friendly!

2. You have decided to answer the question. This is okay, but it would be better to politely remind your audience that you'd prefer to take questions at the end.

3. Very good - you have wisely decided to try to postpone the question to the end of the presentation

Q: You have reached the end of your presentation. What do you say?

1. 'I'm terribly sorry but I seem to taken too long, so we don't actually have time for any questions! However, if you grab me after the session I'll be happy to answer any questions you might have.'

2. 'If you have any questions, I would be happy to answer them now...'

3. 'Any other business?'

Answers

1. Oh dear, it looks like your timekeeping needs to improve a little. However, you have apologised and told your audience they can ask you questions after the session. Well done!

2. Well done - this a very polite way to ask if there are any questions. Congratulations on a great presentation!

3. Oops! A mistake right at the end! We say 'Any other business?' at the end of a meeting, not a presentation.

18. Look through the following articles and speak on the topic “Public speaking”

Public Speaking in English: Presentations

People speak in public for many reasons. One of the most common forms of public speaking is the 'Presentation'. In a presentation, we 'present' or introduce something (a product, an idea, financial results, a project etc.) to the audience. We give a presentation because we want to 'communicate' something. Generally, we want to do one of four things:

• to inform

• to train

• to persuade

• to sell

A presentation is one of the best ways of communicating our message. And because English is so widely used in international business, knowledge of the vocabulary and techniques used in an English language presentation is very useful.

1) Preparation

Good preparation is essential for any presentation. With good preparation and planning we will be fully confident. Our audience will feel our confidence. And so our audience will be confident in us. This will give us control. With control, we will be 'in charge' and our audience will listen positively to our message.

2) Structure

A good presentation has a clear structure, like a good book or film. A good presentation has:

• a beginning (introduction & preview)

• a middle (main message)

• an end (review & conclusion)

3) Equipment

We may have any of the following pieces of equipment at our disposal:

• whiteboard

• flip chart

• overhead projector

• slide projector

• computer graphics

Each of these has advantages and disadvantages. The important thing is to be the master of our equipment, not the slave. We should know and understand our equipment perfectly.

4) Visual Aids

"A picture is worth 1,000 words."

There are many types of visual aids - photographs, graphs, pie charts, maps, tables, real samples etc. But we should use visual aids with care. We shouldn’t overload our audience with too much information in a short time. A good rule is: use one image to give one message.

5) Signposting

When we read a book, we know where we are. We know the title of the book, the subject, the chapter, the end of one chapter and beginning of another, the section and even the page number. But when we give a presentation, our audience does not know where they are - unless we TELL them! We can use special language called 'signalling' or 'signposting' that helps our audience know where they are. Here are a few examples:

• Let's begin by...

• That's all I have to say about...

• Now we'll move on to...

• Let's consider this in more detail...

• I'd like to deal with this question later, if I may...

• I'd like now to recap...

• To start with...later...to finish up...

6) Audience Rapport

We need a warm and friendly relationship with our audience. Enthusiasm is contagious. If we are enthusiastic, our audience will be enthusiastic too. We should try to make eye contact with each member of our audience. Each person should feel that we are speaking to him or her personally.

7) Body Language

Our body is speaking to our audience even before we start speaking. Our clothes, our walk, our glasses, our haircut, our expression: it is from these that our listeners form their first impression as we enter the room.

Mastering The Art Of Public Speaking

Public speaking is an integral part of professional life, one without which your survival in the job market is almost impossible. At the initial levels it is possible that you might not be required to speak publically or give presentations, but as you progress in your career you are required to do both. Most of us feel panicked when faced with the prospect of speaking in public and addressing a crowd. Whether one is addressing a small group of people or a large gathering, he is bound to feel some level of anxiety. However, with a few clever tips and a lot of practice, one can master the art of public speaking.

Improving Public Speaking Skills:

Speaking in front of a live audience is a scary thought for most of us but it does not have to be that way. These tried and tested pointers will not only help in improving your public speaking skills but also assist you in giving presentations during staff meetings.

Learn From The Best:

The best way to improve your public speaking skills is to learn from those who are considered great public speakers. They can be your superiors, colleagues and even famous personalities such as leaders, politicians and other icons. By keenly observing their style, you can learn a lot about what to do and what not to do when addressing a large gathering of people. Try watching the videos of famous people delivering speeches and observe their method. You do not have to exactly copy the style of one single person since the purpose is to achieve a sense of different styles of delivering a speech or addressing the audience.

Look Your Best:

It is very important to look good when you appear for public speaking or a presentation. People do and will notice what you are wearing and how you are wearing it. If you are dressed improperly or lack neatness in your overall appearance, the audience will notice and the fact that they are criticizing your wardrobe or dress sense will serve as a blow to your self-confidence.

Know Your Material:

When you are supposed to address a public meeting or a gathering the worst mistake that you can make is not being fully appraised of the material. As a general rule, if you do not know the subject inside out you must not engage in speaking in front of an audience. The audience is bound to ask all sorts of questions at the end of the presentation or the speech and if you fail to answer even one of them you lose all your credibility.

Keep Practicing:

The best way to deliver a good speech or put up a great presentation is to keep on practicing. The more you practice the more easily you will be able to accomplish the task as you will iron out the kinks in your speech and polish it off nicely. You can practice alone, in front of the mirror or even better if you can get your family and friends to sit as the audience and ask questions. This will help you get better prepared for the question and answer session.

Stay Calm:

The most important thing is to remain calm when delivering a speech or giving a presentation. Even if you forget a sentence don’t panic. You don’t have to say the exact words and you can always substitute with something right there and them. It is important that you maintain a calm facade and do not let the crowd know that you are nervous. If you act calm and controlled, soon you will actually start feeling calm and composed.

Maintain Pace:

The pace at which you talk plays an important role in ensuring your success or failure. Try not to talk too slow or too fast as the audience will lose interest in both cases. If you are talking too fast the audience will face difficulty in understanding what you are saying and if you talk too slow they will get bored and stop paying attention to what you are saying. The key is to maintain a pace at which you can keep the listeners engaged and engrossed.

Make Eye Contact:

It is pertinent to make eye contact during the presentation or speech. Looking at the back wall of the auditorium or avoiding the eye by focusing on other things fails to do the trick. When you are speaking you need to look into the eyes of the audience to engage them. If you fail to do that the audience soon feels that you are nervous and are not well prepared for the task. Make sure that you do not keep looking at one or two individuals only but try to a large number of people in the audience. It is also important to keep the eye contact short, but not too short and certainly not too long.

Be Concise:

Keep it short and to the point. Long presentations and speeches not only bore the audience but they also fail to make the point. When you start talking you get the attention of the audience and you have the chance to engage them right then and there. If you start blabbering and talk about things that have little of value to add to your speech, the audience loses interest. Keeping it short and concise lets them retain the information you just provided and hence is more effective.

Know Your Audience:

The most important part of speaking in public is to know your audience and then cater to their needs accordingly. If you are speaking to a group of executives your tone, style and vocabulary would be different to that you use when addressing a group of interns. So, know your audience and then prepare accordingly.

What To Avoid When Speaking In Public:

There are a few things that you should avoid when speaking in public as they can be fatal mistakes. Some of these are:

Self Praise & Bragging:

Nothing offends the audience more than self praise and bragging. If you are good you will receive praise and the success of your speech or presentation will be a testament to your capabilities.

Stammering:

Nothing can be worse than stammering during the presentation or speech as it completely ruins the overall effect and ruins your confidence. So keep practicing the speech till you get it right.

Trying To Be Someone You Are Not:

This can be the worst mistake ever. If you are not good at cracking jokes do not try to do so during the presentation. Sometimes a light hearted comment helps the presentation by breaking the ice but if you make a bad tasting remark it can do irreparable damage. So just try to be yourself rather than trying to be someone that you clearly are not.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ СТУДЕНТАМ

ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

«Иностранный язык»

Чтение как основное коммуникативное умение

Наиболее существенным коммуникативным умением при изучении профессионального иностранного языка является чтение, занимающее от 50% до 70% всего учебного времени, а также реферирование и аннотирование иноязычного текста.

Чтение, как речевая деятельность, неоднородно. Оно различается по видам в зависимости от установки читающего на степень и точность понимания прочитанного. Основным показателем зрелости чтения можно считать способность менять стратегию переработки информации в самом процессе чтения. Так, для углубленного понимания текста важно изучить его во всей полноте и деталях, хорошо ориентируясь во всех лексико-грамматических тонкостях. Это характерно для изучающего чтения, которое скорее напоминает процесс перевода, своеобразного декодирования иноязычного текста, чем собственно чтение. Такие виды чтения, как ознакомительное, просмотровое и поисковое, более сходны с процессом чтения на родном языке. При этом чтение выступает прежде всего как речевая практика, а не как учебная работа по овладению именно языковым материалом, что в значительной степени характерно для изучающего чтения. Занимаясь этими наиболее распространенными в повседневной и профессиональной жизни видами чтения, студент приобретает умения, необходимые для смысловой, беспереводной переработки информации, он учится выделять в тексте основное содержание, нужные ему факты и детали, учится находить связи и переходы между отдельными фрагментами текст на основе знания некоторых закономерностей его структурно-смысловой организации.