4. Пасивні звороти з перехідними дієсловами, які відповідають українським неперехідним:

to affect – впливати на

to answer – відповідати на

to attend – бути присутнім на

to enjoy – відчувати задоволення від

to follow – іти слідом за

to influence – впливати на

to join – приєднуватися до

to need – відчувати потребу в

to watch – слідкувати за та ін.

The rate of the reaction is affected by moisture.

– Вологість впливає на швидкість реакції

5. Пасивні звороти з перехідними дієсловами, які відповідають українським неперехідним з додаткам в давальному відмінку:

to help – допомагати

to aid – допомагати

to assist – допомагати

to hinder – заважати

to threaten – погрожувати

to envy – заздрити та ін.

Recent discoveries have been greatly assisted by the development of

the research technique.

- Останнім часом розвиток дослідницьких технологій дуже

допомагає робити відкриття.

6. Пасивні звороти з формальним підметом it:

It

was is can be was to be must be should be

said reported expected known mentioned believed

that …

Іноді it замінюють на as: As is shown in Figure 1…

Іноді it та be випускають: As shown in Figure 1…

- Як показано на малюнку 1…

ВПРАВИ

1. Перекладіть:

1. The production of rubber was improved by stimulating further studies.

2. The black balls are made of some sort of vegetable gum.

3. In scientific monographs much space is often devoted to the description of various experiments.

4. These papers have been published in one of the scientific journals.

5. These substances can be used in agriculture.

6. Experimental work in the Academy was developing rapidly while that in the universities was hindered by the church.

7. These data had been obtained before the experiment began.

8. It was found that the element was radioactive.

9. As shown in Fig. 5 the amount of information to be handled has been increasing for the last six months.

10. Equation (17) will be simplified to obtain the following results.

11. There are two aspects to be considered in solving the problem.

12. There is no doubt that in the course of further development of all sciences extensive use will be made of modern computing machines.

13. From their very nature charged particles are influenced by electric fields.

14. Attention was also given to the electron microscopic observations.

15. Account should be taken of the low melting point of the substance.

16. For practical reasons atomic weights have been referred not to hydrogen equal to 1, but to oxygen equal to 16.

17. Advantage is often taken of the effect of temperature on solubility.

18. The working method of science may be dealt with in many ways.

19. The exchange of letters is always followed by personal meetings before concluding transactions.

20. Some properties of concretes are dealt with in this chapter.