2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction (Complex Subject)

The computer is known to perform complicated calculations.

Glass is said to have been invented 2,000 years ago.

В таких реченнях присудок перекладається неособовою формою дієслова, а інфінітивний зворот – підрядним реченням, в якому іменник (займенник) виконує роль підмета, а інфінітив – присудка.

Дієслова, що вживаються у звороті “The Subjective Infinitive Construction”

to assume to believe to consider to choose to expect to find to hold to know to maintain to suppose to think

вважати вірити вважати умовно вважати очікувати знаходити рахувати знати стверджувати передбачати, вважати думати

to show to prove to desire to require to wish to want to feel to hear to see to watch to observe

показувати доказувати бажати вимагати бажати хотіти відчувати чути бачити дивитися спостерігати

3. Infinitive Construction introduced by the preposition for.

Цей зворот складається з іменника або займенника, яким передує прийменник for та інфінітив.

Наприклад: It is necessary for him to be ready for examination.

unit 12

Topic: Design

Grammar: Participles and their functions

Gerunds and their functions

I Phonetic skills.

1. Listen and repeat:

1. design [di'zain]

2. assemble [ə'semb(ə)l]

3. accessories [ək'sesəriz]

4. imagination [iֽmædʒinei∫(ə)n]

5. creativity [kri:e'tiviti]

6. commercial [kə'mə:∫(ə)l]

7. industrial [in'dʌstriəl]

8. fashion ['fæ∫(ə)n]

9. floral ['flƆ:r(ə)l]

10. graphic ['græfik]

11. interior [in'tiəriə(r)]

12. set and exhibit [ig'zibit]

2. Listen and remember the following phrases:

1. sense of beauty відчуття прекрасного

2. well-considered plan добре продуманий план

3. styles in apparel стилі одягу

4. basic principles of design основні принципи дизайну

5. in relation по відношенню

6. advancing colours сильні кольори

7. enhance збагачувати

8. research досліджувати

II Reading skills.

1. Read and remember

1. creativity 2. encompass 3. inseparable 4. involve 5. appropriate 6. absorb 7. apply 8. layout 9. performance 10. sets

творчість охоплювати що не можна розділити включати що підходить поглинати примінити план розміщення вистава декорації

1. Read and translate the text: Profession of a designer

Art and design are inseparable. Art involves not only the ability to paint a beautifully dressed body, or to make a sculpture of it; it focuses also on a talent to design and construct or to choose and assemble garments and accessories displaying imagination, creativity and a sense of beauty.

A design is a well-considered plan for creating something beautiful. A designer is an artist who creates or modifies ideas so that they can be reproduced on fabrics or on finished goods such as styles in apparel. Although each person is a potential designer, one learns to create beauty through order and harmony to be excellent. All artists and designers work with the elements of line, space, texture and colour. The elements are not used alone, but are combined in useful, appropriate ways to produce different interesting effects. To achieve the desired artistic effect every artist has to absorb and apply the basic principles of design.

Design encompasses a number of different fields. Many designers specialize in a particular area of design, whereas others work in more than one area.

Commercial and industrial designers develop different manufactured products. They combine artistic talent with research on the use of a product, on customer needs, on marketing. Industrial designers typically concentrate in such specialty as kitchen appliances, auto interiors, etc. Fashion designers design clothing and accessories. These designers create original garments, as well as clothes that follow established fashion trends. Floral designers cut and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers and foliage. Graphic designers use computer software to develop the design of magazines, newspapers, web-sites. Interior designers enhance the function, safety, and quality of interior spaces in private homes and public buildings. They use computers to plan layouts, because computers make it easy to change plans. Interior designers also design lighting and architectural details, coordinate colors, select furniture, floor coverings, etc. Set and exhibit designers create sets for films, television, and theater performances. Set designers study scripts, and conduct research to determine the historical period, fashion, and architectural styles appropriate for the production on which they work. Exhibit designers work with curators, art and museum directors to determine the most effective use of available space.

3. Find the answers to the questions:

1. What is design? 2. What elements do all artist and designers work with? 3. What particular areas of design do you know? 4. What do many designers specialize in?

5. What do industrial designers typically concentrate in? 6. What do graphic designers produce? 7. Who creates film, television, and theater sets? 8. Who do exhibit designers work with?

4. Complete the sentences:

1. … for creating something beautiful. 2. All artists and designers work with … 3. … every artist has to absorb and apply … 4. … develop different manufactured products. 5. Floral designers cut and arrange… 6. Set and exhibit designers create...

5. Match the words:

accessories inseparable involve appropriate imagination creativity refer to

що не можна розділити уява творчість аксесуари по відношенню до включати що підходить

6. True or false statements:

1. Art involves only the ability to paint a beautifully dressed body, or to make a sculpture

of it.

2. A design is a well-considered plan for creating something boring.

3. Only some artists and designers work with the elements of line, space, texture and

colour.

4. Design encompasses a number of different fields.

5. Floral designers use computers to plan layouts, because computers make it easy to

change plans. 6. Interior designers design lighting and architectural details, coordinate colors, select

furniture, floor coverings etc.