2. Give Russian/ Ukrainian equivalents of the following words:

eyes, iris, pupil, eyelid , retina, muscle, light, function, amount, moist, receive, focus, upside down, nerve, nearsighted, farsighted, astigmatism, blurry.

3. Complete the sentences according to the text:

1. The eye is made up of four parts:______________________________________ .

2. The iris is__________________________________________________________.

3. The pupil is situated _____________________________________________________ .

4. The two functions of the eyelid are __________________________________________ .

5. The nerve sends_________________________________________________________ .

6. Three of the most common eye problems are___________________________________ .

7. If you are nearsighted ____________________________________________________ .

8. If you are farsighted _______________________________________________________

9. If you have astigmatism ___________________________________________________ .

10. Eyeglasses or contact lenses help ___________________________________________ .

4. Answer the question to the text:

1. What is the function of the iris?

2. When does the pupil change the size?

3. What are the most important functions of the eyelid?

4. On which part of the eye does a picture form?

5. How does the brain help you to see?

6. Name common eye problems.

7. How can eye problems be corrected?

Lesson 4

THE SENCE OF TOUCH

The skin is the sense organ of touch. It has millions of nerves that make it sensitive to touch. When something touches the skin, the sensory nerves in the skin send messages to the brain. The brain receives the messages as unpleasant or pleasant feelings. There are five kinds of messages the brain can receive from the sensory nerves in the skin. These massages are pain, heat, cold, pressure, and light touch.

The sense of touch is very important. You can learn about your body through the sense of touch. Babies learn much of what they know about the world through their sense of touch. If a baby touches a hot stove, the nerves in the skin send a message of pain and heat to the brain. Almost immediately, the baby will remove his or her hand. If babies did not have this warning signal, they could seriously injure themselves.

When you are injured, you often wish you could not feel pain; yet it is important that you feel pain. Pain protects you and lets you know if there is something wrong in your body.

Vocabulary and comprehension check

1. Give English equivalents of the following words:

дотик, торкатися, почуттєвий, приймати повідомлення, теплота, бажати, захищати.

2. Give Russian/ Ukrainian equivalents of the following words:

pain, pressure, unpleasant, through, warning, feeling, sensory, nerves, skin, stove, immediately, remove, injure.

3. Answer the question to the text:

1. How many different messages can the brain receive from the receptors of the skin? What are they?

2. Where can the sensory nerves be found?

3. What makes some parts of your body more sensitive to touch than the other parts?

4. What is the job of the sensory nerves in the skin?

5. Why is the sense of touch important?

6. Where is your hand more sensitive?

4. Make the experiment to found where your hand is the most sensitive.