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2. Give Russian/ Ukrainian equivalents of the following words:

environment, abilities and qualities, abstract thinking, innate or inborn, recently, issue, measure, quotient, comprehension, spatial ability, artistic and musical talent, common sense.

    1. Answer the following questions

  1. Do people generally agree about what intelligence is?

  2. What is the first issue in understanding intelligence?

  3. What is a norm? Does the context of the text help you understand its meaning?

  4. Do you think that the writer is in favor of IQ testing? Why or why not?

  5. Does the writer believe that people with high IQs are more successful than with lower IQs?

  6. Does the writer believe that intelligence is more than just the abilities a person is born with?

4. Read about iq testing and be ready to summarize the main ideas of the text.

Iq testing

IQ testing is a method used by psychologists to measure what is generally considered intelligence. The concept of IQ, or "Intelligence Quotient" was first introduced by French psychologist Alfred Binet in 1904. The "quotient" refers to Binet's definition of IQ as (Mental Age) divided by (Chronological Age) or M.A./C.A. This quotient is then multiplied by 100 to make it a whole number. An 8 year old child with the mental ability of a 12 year old has a mental age which is 1.5 times his chronological age (12/8 = 1.5). Multiplying this quotient by 100 gives the child's ratio IQ: 150. Using this method, a child functioning at the average level for her age would obtain an IQ of 100, with a standard deviation of 15 points (thus the range of average IQs is from 85 to 115).

Most of the abilities measured by an IQ test tend to level off around age 16, so this method does not work for adults. To convert a mentally retarded adult's IQ into a rough age equivalent, multiply the IQ by 16, and then divide by 100. So an adult with a 50 IQ is functioning at roughly an 8-year-old level.

Modern IQ tests use a "deviation IQ" rather than a ratio IQ. With this method, test takers are referenced to other people of their own age.

Most IQ tests consist of subtests measuring various qualities, such as factual knowledge, short-term memory, abstract reasoning, visual-spatial abilities, and common sense. Intelligence is always measured relative to a particular culture; "culture free" tests of intelligence do not exist. IQ tests do a good job of predicting academic success. They are not good at measuring such qualities as interpersonal skill or creativity. Although IQ scores tend to be fairly stable, IQ will vary over time.

Keep in mind that, due to random factors, IQ scores can vary about 5 points from week to week, and can often change by 10 points or even more over a period of years.

Talking points

  1. Have you ever known someone whom you think is a genius? In what area? How would you describe this person? What qualities doe he/she have that special?

  2. What is intelligence? How do we know the person is intelligent? Can we measure it?

  3. Have you ever taken an IQ test? If so, what was it like?

  4. If you had a child. would you have his/her IQ tested? Why?

  5. Do you know anyone with a high IQ? In what ways has their intelligence helped them? In what ways has it hurt them?

  6. Are there other tests that are used to measure intelligence?

  7. Do you believe that your IQ determines how successful you will be?

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