ОБОРОТ THERE IS/ARE

Оборот there is/are(имеется, находится, есть) употребляется для того, чтобы указать наличие или отсутствие какого-либо лица или предмета в каком-то определенном месте.

Слово «there» является здесь «фиктивным» подлежащим и переводить его на русский язык не следует. Перевод предложений с there is/are оборотом следует начинать с конца.

There are tests on the table.	На столе (есть) контрольные работы.
There are ten students in the group.	В группе 10 студентов.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ОБОРОТА THERE IS/ARE В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯХ.

THE PRESENT INDEFINITE	THE PAST INDEFINITE	THE FUTURE INDEFINITE
There is a hostel near our Institute. Около нашего института есть общежитие. There are two terms in the academic year.	There was a hostel near our Institute. Около нашего института было общежитие. There were two terms in the last academic year.	There will be a hostel near our Institute. Около нашего института будет общежитие. There will be two terms in the academic year.
There is no hostel near our Institute. There is not (isn’t) a hostel near our Institute. There are not (aren’t) 3 terms in the academic year.	There was no hostel near our Institute. There was not (wasn’t) a hostel near our Institute. There were not (weren’t) 3 terms in the last academic year.	There will be no hostel near our Institute. There will not (won’t) be a hostel near our Institute. There will not (won’t) be 3 terms the academic year.
Is there a hostel near our Institute? Are there 2 terms in the academic year?	Was there a hostel near our Institute? Were there 2 terms in the academic year?	Will there be a hostel near our Institute? Will there be 2 terms in the academic year?

Отрицательная форма настоящего и прошедшего времени с оборотом there is/are образуется при помощи отрицания not, которое ставится после глагола to be.

Отрицательная форма будущего времени с оборотом there is/are образуется при помощи отрицания not, которое ставится после глагола will

Для образования предложений вопросительной формы настоящего и прошедшего времени с оборотом there is/are глагол to be ставится перед there в соответствующем времени

Is there a bus-stop in his street?

Was there a bus-stop in his street?

Для образования предложений вопросительной формы будущего времени с оборотом there is/are вспомогательный глагол will ставится перед there.

Will there be a bus-stop in his street?

Если в предложении с оборотом there is/are имеется несколько подлежащих, то глагол to be обычно согласуется с тем подлежащим, которое следует непосредственно за ним.

There are several laboratories, 2 reading- halls and a library at the disposal of our students.

There is a library, 2 reading- halls and several laboratories at the disposal of our students.

Употребление : many, few, much, little

There is	much	много	употребляются с неисчисляемыми существительными
	little	мало
	A little	немного (мало)
There are	many	много	употребляются с исчисляемыми существительными
	few	мало
	a few	несколько (мало)
There is/are	A lot	много	употребляются с неисчисляемыми и с исчисляемыми существительными

Ex. 1a .Translate into English

много	Комнат, работы, воздуха, таблеток, лет, музыки, шприцов, молока, воды, дней, чая, бумаги, масла, студентов, денег
мало	Сока, книг, света, больниц, окон, деревьев, цветов, дождя ,друзей, сахара, игрушек, иголок, времени, кофе, фильмов, болезней, рублей
Немного/несколько:	Минут, воды, песен, денег, фруктов, денег, человек, пациентов, травы, удачи, счастья, сыра, ложек, работы, машин, соли, сахару, поликлиник.

Ex. 1. Ask questions using there is/are , give the answers.

Question : -Is there a blackboard on the wall ?

(Are, were, was, will be)

Answer: Yes, there is. There is one blackboard on the wall (many hospitals in Gomel; many faculties at the Gomel Medical Institute; much homework to do, a lot of students in the group; many professors at the Chair of Anatomy, hard-working students in the group, a lot of sportsmen among your fellow students?

Ex.2. Choose the necessary word.

	... there a TV-set in the hostel? (will be, is, are)
	There ... much light in this room (were, is, am)
	There ... only a few patients yesterday (are, was, were).
	There ... several departments at the Gomel Medical Institute in nearest future (was, will, be, are)
	There ...a lot of applications for admission to our Institute every year. (was, are, is)
	There ... one more subject to learn. (will be, are, were)

Ex.3 .Answer the questions.

	How many teeth are there in a mouth?
	What was there in the consulting room?
	Is there a canteen at the disposal of our students?
	Will there be a big stadium or a large park in a year?
	What will there be instead of an old laboratory?
	Is there the liver in the abdomen?
	How many fingers are there on the hand?

Ex.4. Choose between to be and there is/are

	She ... a doctor(+,-,?)
	... two Medical Schools in our city (-,?)
	The Chair of Anatomy ... large. (-,?)
	The heart ... in the chest (+,?)
	... a heart in the chest (+,?)
	The head, the trunk and the limbs ... the main parts of the body.(+,?)
	... many teeth in the mouth (+,?)

Ex.5.

	There is/are	How many	What	Here
	...	...10	toes	on the feet
	...	...1	chin	on the face
	...	...4	fingures	on one hand
	...	...2	lungs	in the chest
	...	...much	hair	on the skull
	...	...1	tongue	in the mouth
	...	...32	teeth	in the mouth
	...	...1	thumb	on one hand
	...	-1 and 1	gall-bladder and bladder	in the abdomen

Ex 6.Make up sentences of your own using ‘There is ‘ nothing like +noun )... нет ничего лучше,чем

Model: There is nothing like fresh air.

Нет ничего лучше, чем свежий воздух.

(an interesting book, a glass of tea in the morning fruits for supper, cold shower, frosty weather etc.)

Ex.7.Find the Russian equivalents of the following proverbs.

Read them several times out loud and try to remember them.

	There is no use crying over spilt milk.
	There is a black sheep in every flock.
	There is no rose without a thorn.
	There is many a slip between the cup and the lip.

Ex.8. Put questions to the underlined words, beginning with how much, or how many.

	There are 45 students in the reading hall now.
	There were 3 articles in the yesterday’s medical newspaper.
	There will be 4 entrance examinations next year.
	Several doctor listened to the heart.
	There are only a few laboratories at the disposal of our students.
	There will be much noise when the equipment starts operating.
	There were a lot of ways of expressing the same idea.
	There are 365 or 366 days in a year.
	There will be a single mistake in your test.

Ex.9.Put in ”many, few, a few, much, a little, little”.

1.	How ... students are there in your group?
2.	The skeleton consists of ... bones.
3.	The students have to read ... books.
4.	Only ... of us know English well.
5.	How ... new words did you learn?
6.	The nurse took only ... blood for the test.
7.	There were too ... young men who wanted to enter the Gomel Medical Institute.
8.	The first year curriculum includes only ... subject in Medicine.

Ex.10. Make up sentences of your own; use a few, , a little, little.

Model 1. I have little money in my purse. (coffee, chalk, milk, spare time, meat).

Model 2. There is a little dust on the carpet. (jam, gross, milk, snow, fresh air).

Model 3. There are few pictures on the wall. (cars, students, patients, stamps, coins).

Model 4. I have got a few English dictionaries. (German newspaper, French books,

video tapes; nice pictures, scientific journals).

Ex.11. Express the same idea in different words. Use few, little in your sentences.

Model: There isn’t much fresh air in the room.

There is little fresh air in the room.

1. They haven’t got many oranges and apples for the children.

2. There isn’t a lot of snow in YALTA in winter.

3. There aren’t many books on Biology in our library.

4. There weren’t many guests at the party last night.

5. Not many students of our group know English well.

6. There isn’t much he can do to help his friend.

7. Bill can’t sped much time on his classes.

8. There isn’t much noise in the reading hall.

9. She hasn’t got many dictionaries.

Ex.12.Translate the words in brackets into English

1. There are (мало) sunny days in January. 2. After (несколько) minutes every thing was ready. 3. There is (много) ink in the inkstand. 4. (Много) Universities have got their own computer centres.5. She usually drinks (мало) coffee. 6. There are (несколько) patients in the ward. 7. Bob knows more that Henry, but it doesn’t mean that he knows (много). 8. Have you got (много) questions to ask? 9. Every week Bob spends (немного) time in the swimming pool. 10. There are (несколько) mistakes in your grammar test. 11. There is (немного) blood for the analysis. 12. She takes (несколько) tablets after meals. 13. (Мало) students in our group have good eyesight. 14. There isn’t (много) cotton in the box. 15. She has got (много) Russian, but (мало) English books.