Practical_class_1_P

1. In the lecture several definitions of Germanic studies were provided. Which one would you choose if you had to write the book on the History of Germanic languages? Why? (10 sentences)

I think, I will choose this definition: Germanic studies is a field of linguistics which is concerned with the study of the Germanic languages, namely, dealing with the processes and regularities defining the formation of the Germanic languages within the Indo-European language family, as well as in the period of their own historical development, their peculiarities at different stages of the social life of the Germanic peoples, the structure and functioning of Modern Germanic languages. I think that it is quite complete definition, which fully reveals what this science do. As the Germanic directly studying languages, of course it is a part of linguistics To learn the language, we need to learn the history and culture of the people.

2. The study of the local (native) languages was not popular in Middle Ages. Why? How did it impact their development? (10 sentences)

In the Middle Ages, much attention was paid to the study of grammar. Studied the Latin, the grammar, learn how to read and write. The schools and universities of medieval Europe offered Latin grammar, rhetoric, and logic as their three 'linguistic' subjects.

Everyone concentrated their efforts on the Latin because Latin was the language of science.

3. How did the appearance of the first dictionaries / first collections of manuscripts of the Germanic languages contribute to the development of the Germanic Studies? (10 sentences)

In the 16^th-17^th centuries normalization and purism determined the views on language and language study. Tried to codify the modern languages. The outcomes of those debates were reflected in the first dictionaries.

4. Make a timeline of the development of the Germanic studies (starting with the discovery of Sanskrit). 15 dates and events will be enough. Choose those you think are important.

18^th century- The discovery of Sanskrit

1786- W. Jones, wrote that Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Celtic, and perhaps Gothic were related and had one common ancestor-language.  1808- Schlegel and Jones pointed out the similarities in vocabulary and morphology of Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Persian and Germanic languages.

19th century- comparative-historical study of language

1816- F. Bopp described the system of Sanskrit declension in comparison with the Greek, Latin, Persian and Germanic languages

1819-1837- Jacob Grimm published his German Grammar in which he used the comparative method of the description of the German language. 

1848- J. Grimm suggested and proved the relatedness of the Germanic languages with the Baltic and Slavonic ones.

1850- A. Schleicher published a number of articles in which he proved the relatedness of Germanic, Slavonic, and Baltic languages

1859- M. Müller suggested that the PIE first diverged into two groups - European and Asian.

1872- in placeof A.Schleicher's family tree model of the development of the Indo-European languagefamily, J. Schmidt proposed the wave theory to account for the distributionof the Indo-European languages.

1870s-1880-Neogrammarians developed their views on language, whose influence in linguistic practice has been overwhelming.

1896- Urgermanische Grammatik (Proto-Germanic Grammar) by W. Streitberg was published.

1894- H. Hirt published an article in which he discussed the development of the IE groups of languages as a result of merging of Indo-Europeans with the autochthones, in other words on the basis of the substrate theory.

1956-M. Zhyrmunskiy 's German dialectology was published. 

1958-V. I. Georgiev suggests a different view on the process of dialectal differentiation of the PIE (different from the traditional West-Indo-European and East-Indo-European groups).