Practical_class_1

Questions:

1. Linguistics is the study of all languages of the world that existed before, which exist now or may exist. This is the science of human language in general. Linguistics describes the characteristics and properties of the language. Linguistics tells about the language elements, describes and studies the changes in the language.

2. General linguistics studies the similarities and tendencies in language. Applied linguistics studies the practical tasks associated with language, using the language in real life, for example: translation, orthography, how to learn language.

3. I think that the most interesting field of general linguistics is the nature and essence of language. It seems to me quite interesting to know what language, what is its nature, what is its function. It is interesting to know how society influence on the language and how the language influence on the society. Any language that exists today is already quite developed, so it is very interesting to find out who, when and how create a language.

Charles Babbage- the first person, who suggested the idea of machine translation suggested the idea of machine translation.

the birth of machine translation

Classification of machine translation systems by Larry Child

- Fully automatic translation;

- Automated machine translation with human intervention;

- Translation carried out person using the computer.

The place of machine translation in the translation process

classical scheme

machine translation scheme

a source

a source

interpreter

machine translation

recipient

interpreter

recipient

Features of work with robot-translator

advantages

disadvantages

1. The ability to customize

2. predictability

3. The absence of errors due to human factors

1. Need the skills to work

2. understanding of the algorithm

3. difficult correctable errors of developers

Practical assignments

History

(How has a languages changed, history helps us to know why languages changed, how and where appeared new languages. Languages can tell us about people’ life)

Anthropology

( with the evolution of human- occurred language evolution)

1. LINGUISTICS

   

   Sociology

   (The variation of language use between different socioeconomic groups. For example: how speak men and women, teachers vs. students, Old people vs. young people, etc)

2. In our research the inductive method is used to do logical conclusion how subjective mood expressed now in English, how subjective mood expressed in the past, why and when subjective mood stopped using the past. The use of the deductive method allows us to gradually approach to logical conclusions. Slowly analyze and tell he reasons for rejection of using subjective mood. The method of linguistic description helps us to describe and analyze the components and parts of subjective mood.

3. The Traditional Methods in Linguistics

The name of the method	The definition	The method was developed in and by
Inductive and deductive methods	set of methods to conclusions,moving from particular facts to general provisions	Aristotle
descriptive method	assembly, initial analysis and presentation their characteristics, giving a detailed and thorough description of language units
comparative historical method	set of methods and procedures to determine historical patterns of language development.	Franz Bopp in 1816, Rasmus Rask in 1818, Jacob Grimm in 1819, Vostokov in 1820
contrastive method	study and description of the language through its systematic compared to other languages	The idea was theoretically substantiated by Baudouin de Courtenay, but as a linguistic method with certain principles, he began to take shape in the 30-40, 20th in USSR- Polivanov, Szczerba, Bernstein
structural method	understanding of language as a sign system with the structural elements	Ferdinand de Saussure
distributive analysis	study of individual units in the text and not use the information on the full lexical or grammatical meaning of these units.	L. Bloomfield in the 20 of the 20th century
immediate constituents analysis or IC Analysis	representation of word-formation structure of the word and the syntactic structure of phrases or sentences into a hierarchy	L. Bloomfield in the 20 of the 20th century
transformational analysis aims	substitution of the facts of its variants having a different form, at close to substitute values.	H. Harrison and N. Chomsky