СЭГ Мира / 2 семестр / ПРАКТИКУМ СЭГ мира,часть 2 / В-ХРЕСТОМАТИЯ электронная 2009 / СТАТИСТИКА 2003 cia.gov / 2059

CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Climate  

  Field Listing - Climate

Home  Reference Maps  Appendixes

Country Climate Afghanistan arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers Akrotiri temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters Albania mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter Algeria arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer American Samoa tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation Andorra temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers Angola semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) Anguilla tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds Antarctica severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing Antigua and Barbuda tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation Arctic Ocean polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow Argentina mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest Armenia highland continental, hot summers, cold winters Aruba tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation Ashmore and Cartier Islands tropical Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November Australia generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north Austria temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers Azerbaijan dry, semiarid steppe Bahamas, The tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream Bahrain arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers Baker Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Bangladesh tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October) Barbados tropical; rainy season (June to October) Bassas da India tropical Belarus cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime Belgium temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy Belize tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May) Benin tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north Bermuda subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter Bhutan varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas Bolivia varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid Bosnia and Herzegovina hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast Botswana semiarid; warm winters and hot summers Bouvet Island antarctic Brazil mostly tropical, but temperate in south British Indian Ocean Territory tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds British Virgin Islands subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds Brunei tropical; hot, humid, rainy Bulgaria temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers Burkina Faso tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers Burma tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) Burundi equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January) Cambodia tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation Cameroon varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north Canada varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north Cape Verde temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic Cayman Islands tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) Central African Republic tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers Chad tropical in south, desert in north Chile temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south China extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north Christmas Island tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season (December to April) Clipperton Island tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, wet season (May to October) Cocos (Keeling) Islands tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year Colombia tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands Comoros tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) Congo, Democratic Republic of the tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October) Congo, Republic of the tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator Cook Islands tropical; moderated by trade winds Coral Sea Islands tropical Costa Rica tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands Cote d'Ivoire tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October) Croatia Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast Cuba tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October) Cyprus temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters Czech Republic temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters Denmark temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers Dhekelia temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters Djibouti desert; torrid, dry Dominica tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall Dominican Republic tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall East Timor tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons Ecuador tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands Egypt desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters El Salvador tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands Equatorial Guinea tropical; always hot, humid Eritrea hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands Estonia maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers Ethiopia tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation Europa Island tropical European Union cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate Faroe Islands mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy Fiji tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation Finland cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes France generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral French Guiana tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation French Polynesia tropical, but moderate French Southern and Antarctic Lands antarctic Gabon tropical; always hot, humid Gambia, The tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) Gaza Strip temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers Georgia warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast Germany temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind Ghana tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north Gibraltar Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers Glorioso Islands tropical Greece temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers Greenland arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters Grenada tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds Guadeloupe subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity Guam tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation Guatemala tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands Guernsey temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast Guinea generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds Guinea-Bissau tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds Guyana tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January) Haiti tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds Heard Island and McDonald Islands antarctic Holy See (Vatican City) temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) Honduras subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains Hong Kong subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall Howland Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Hungary temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers Iceland temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers India varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north Indian Ocean northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean Indonesia tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands Iran mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast Iraq mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq Ireland temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time Isle of Man temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time Israel temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas Italy predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south Jamaica tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior Jan Mayen arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog Japan varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north Jarvis Island tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun Jersey temperate; mild winters and cool summers Johnston Atoll tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation Jordan mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) Juan de Nova Island tropical Kazakhstan continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid Kenya varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior Kingman Reef tropical; moderated by prevailing winds Kiribati tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds Korea, North temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer Korea, South temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter Kuwait dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters Kyrgyzstan dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone Laos tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April) Latvia maritime; wet, moderate winters Lebanon Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows Lesotho temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers Liberia tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers Libya Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior Liechtenstein continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers Lithuania transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers Luxembourg modified continental with mild winters, cool summers Macau subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers Macedonia warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall Madagascar tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south Malawi sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) Malaysia tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons Maldives tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) Mali subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February) Malta Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers Marshall Islands tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt Martinique tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid Mauritania desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty Mauritius tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May) Mayotte tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) Mexico varies from tropical to desert Micronesia, Federated States of tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage Midway Islands subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds Moldova moderate winters, warm summers Monaco Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers Mongolia desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) Montserrat tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation Morocco Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior Mozambique tropical to subtropical Namibia desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic Nauru tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) Navassa Island marine, tropical Nepal varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south Netherlands temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters Netherlands Antilles tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds New Caledonia tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid New Zealand temperate with sharp regional contrasts Nicaragua tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands Niger desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south Nigeria varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Niue tropical; modified by southeast trade winds Norfolk Island subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation Northern Mariana Islands tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October Norway temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast Oman dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south Pacific Ocean planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north Palau tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November Palmyra Atoll equatorial, hot, and very rainy Panama tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May) Papua New Guinea tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation Paracel Islands tropical Paraguay subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west Peru varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes Philippines tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October) Pitcairn Islands tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) Poland temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers Portugal maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south Puerto Rico tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation Qatar arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers Reunion tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April) Romania temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms Russia ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast Rwanda temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible Saint Helena Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds

Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid

Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) Saint Kitts and Nevis tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) Saint Lucia tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August Saint Pierre and Miquelon cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy Saint Vincent and the Grenadines tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) Samoa tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October) San Marino Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers Sao Tome and Principe tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) Saudi Arabia harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes Senegal tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind Serbia and Montenegro in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland Seychelles tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May) Sierra Leone tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April) Singapore tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms Slovakia temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters Slovenia Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east Solomon Islands tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather Somalia principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons South Africa mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow Southern Ocean sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter Spain temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast Spratly Islands tropical Sri Lanka tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October) Sudan tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) Suriname tropical; moderated by trade winds Svalbard arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year Swaziland varies from tropical to near temperate Sweden temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north Switzerland temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers Syria mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus Taiwan tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year Tajikistan midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains Tanzania varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands Thailand tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid Togo tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north Tokelau tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) Tonga tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) Trinidad and Tobago tropical; rainy season (June to December) Tromelin Island tropical Tunisia temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south Turkey temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior Turkmenistan subtropical desert Turks and Caicos Islands tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry Tuvalu tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) Uganda tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast Ukraine temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south United Arab Emirates desert; cooler in eastern mountains United Kingdom temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast United States mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun

Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation

Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 1,067 mm (42 in) of annual rainfall occurs during the winter

Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 4,000-5,000 mm (160-200 in) of rainfall each year Uruguay warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown Uzbekistan mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east Vanuatu tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April Venezuela tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands Vietnam tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March) Virgin Islands subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November Wake Island tropical Wallis and Futuna tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C West Bank temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters Western Sahara hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew World two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates Yemen mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east Zambia tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) Zimbabwe tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) This page was last updated on 2 May, 2006