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CIA - The World Factbook -- Netherlands

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In general, information available as of 1 January, 2004

was used in the preparation of The World Factbook 2004.

This page was last updated on 19 October, 2004

Legend: Definition Field Listing Rank Order    Introduction    Netherlands Top of Page Background:

The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EC (now the EU), and participated in the introduction of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999.    Geography    Netherlands Top of Page Location:

Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany Geographic coordinates:

52 30 N, 5 45 E Map references:

Europe Area:

total: 41,526 sq km

land: 33,883 sq km

water: 7,643 sq km Area - comparative:

slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey Land boundaries:

total: 1,027 km

border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km Coastline:

451 km Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm Climate:

temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters Terrain:

mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m

highest point: Vaalserberg 322 m Natural resources:

natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land Land use:

arable land: 26.71%

permanent crops: 0.97%

other: 72.32% (2001) Irrigated land:

5,650 sq km (1998 est.) Natural hazards:

flooding Environment - current issues:

water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain Environment - international agreements:

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling Geography - note:

located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)    People    Netherlands Top of Page Population:

16,318,199 (July 2004 est.) Age structure:

0-14 years: 18.3% (male 1,527,316; female 1,457,192)

15-64 years: 67.8% (male 5,598,706; female 5,459,936)

65 years and over: 13.9% (male 953,370; female 1,321,679) (2004 est.) Median age:

total: 38.7 years

male: 37.9 years

female: 39.6 years (2004 est.) Population growth rate:

0.57% (2004 est.) Birth rate:

11.41 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate:

8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate:

2.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female

total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.) Infant mortality rate:

total: 5.11 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 5.68 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 4.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 78.68 years

male: 76.15 years

female: 81.34 years (2004 est.) Total fertility rate:

1.66 children born/woman (2004 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

0.2% (2001 est.) HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

17,000 (2001 est.) HIV/AIDS - deaths:

110 (2001 est.) Nationality:

noun: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)

adjective: Dutch Ethnic groups:

Dutch 83%, other 17% (of which 9% are non-Western origin mainly Turks, Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese and Indonesians) (1999 est.) Religions:

Roman Catholic 31%, Protestant 21%, Muslim 4.4%, other 3.6%, unaffiliated 40% (1998) Languages:

Dutch (official language), Frisian (official language) Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 99% (2000 est.)

male: NA

female: NA    Government    Netherlands Top of Page Country name:

conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands

conventional short form: Netherlands

local long form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

local short form: Nederland Government type:

constitutional monarchy Capital:

Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government Administrative divisions:

12 provinces (provincies, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland Dependent areas:

Aruba, Netherlands Antilles Independence:

1579 (from Spain); note - the northern provinces of the Low Country concluded the Union of Utrecht, but it was not until 1648 that Spain recognized their independence National holiday:

Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April Constitution:

adopted 1814; amended many times, last time 2002 Legal system:

civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal Executive branch:

chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch

head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Thom DE GRAAF (since 27 May 2003)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch

note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the prime minister on legislative and administrative policy Legislative branch:

bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms) and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: First Chamber - last held 25 May 2003 (next to be held NA May 2007); Second Chamber - last held 22 January 2003 (next to be held NA January 2007)

election results: First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CDA 23, PvdA 19, VVD 15, Green Party 5, Socialist Party 4, D66 3, other 6; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - CDA 28.6%, PvdA 27.3%, VVD 12.9%, Socialist Party 6.3%, List Pim Fortuyn 5.7%, Green Party 5.1%, D66 4.1%; seats by party - CDA 44, PvdA 42, VVD 28, Socialist Party 9, List Pim Fortuyn 8, Green Party 8, D66 6, other 5 Judicial branch:

Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch) Political parties and leaders:

Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Maxime Jacques Marcel VERHAGEN]; Christian Union Party [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats 66 or D66 [Boris DITTRICH]; Green Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party or PvdA [Wouter BOS]; List Pim Fortuyn [Mat HERBEN]; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Gerrit ZALM]; Socialist Party [Jan MARIJNISSEN]; a host of minor parties Political pressure groups and leaders:

Federation of Netherlands Trade Union Movement (comprising Socialist and Catholic trade unions) and a Protestant trade union; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; Interchurch Peace Council or IKV; large multinational firms; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises International organization participation:

AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Boudewijn J. VAN EENENNAAM

chancery: 4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 244-5300

FAX: [1] (202) 362-3430

consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York

consulate(s): Boston Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Clifford M. SOBEL

embassy: Lange Voorhout 102, 2514 EJ, The Hague

mailing address: PSC 71, Box 1000, APO AE 09715

telephone: [31] (70) 310-9209

FAX: [31] (70) 361-4688

consulate(s) general: Amsterdam Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating with William I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th century    Economy    Netherlands Top of Page Economy - overview:

The Netherlands has a prosperous and open economy, which depends heavily on foreign trade. The economy is noted for stable industrial relations, moderate unemployment and inflation, a sizable current account surplus, and an important role as a European transportation hub. Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs no more than 4% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Netherlands, along with 11 of its EU partners, began circulating the euro currency on 1 January 2002. The country continues to be one of the leading European nations for attracting foreign direct investment. Economic growth slowed considerably in 2001-03, as part of the global economic slowdown, but for the four years before that, annual growth averaged nearly 4%, well above the EU average. The government is wrestling with a deteriorating budget position, and is moving toward the EU 3% of GDP budget deficit limit. GDP:

purchasing power parity - $461.4 billion (2003 est.) GDP - real growth rate:

-0.7% (2003 est.) GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $28,600 (2003 est.) GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 2.5%

industry: 24.4%

services: 73.1% (2003 est.) Investment (gross fixed):

20.1% of GDP (2003) Population below poverty line:

NA Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2.8%

highest 10%: 25.1% (1994) Distribution of family income - Gini index:

32.6 (1994) Inflation rate (consumer prices):

2.1% (2003 est.) Labor force:

7.46 million (2003) Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture 4%, industry 23%, services 73% (1998 est.) Unemployment rate:

5.3% (2003 est.) Budget:

revenues: $237.1 billion

expenditures: $249.5 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003) Public debt:

54.1% of GDP (2003) Agriculture - products:

grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock Industries:

agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing Industrial production growth rate:

-2.1% (2003 est.) Electricity - production:

88.32 billion kWh (2001) Electricity - consumption:

99.42 billion kWh (2001) Electricity - exports:

4.209 billion kWh (2001) Electricity - imports:

21.49 billion kWh (2001) Oil - production:

46,200 bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - consumption:

895,300 bbl/day (2001 est.) Oil - exports:

1.418 million bbl/day (2001) Oil - imports:

2.284 million bbl/day (2001) Oil - proved reserves:

88.06 million bbl (1 January 2002) Natural gas - production:

77.75 billion cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - consumption:

49.72 billion cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - exports:

49.28 bil